QUIZ – Hitler Youth and Nazi Education 1933-39 From the ages of 10-14, boys joined the Hitler Youth and girls joined the League of German Maidens. What were the names of the organisations they joined before that, when they were ten years old? In which year did membership for Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens become compulsory? Name 3 activities undertaken by boys in Hitler Youth. Name 3 activities undertaken by girls in the LOGM. Some of the activities undertaken by girls and boys were similar. Can you give 2 examples of something they both would have done? Was the purpose of these activities the same for boys and girls? By 1939, how many boys and girls were members of the Hitler Youth (which encompassed the LOGM) – (a) 10 million (b) 23 million (c) 7 million? What organisation did all teachers have to join, and swear an oath of loyalty to, or face dismissal? Give an example of a new subject introduced into the school curriculum. Give 2 examples of other subjects which were adapted to teach Nazi ideas, and how. What percentage of children’s timetables were devoted to PE? Why? What were ‘Napolas’ schools? Answer to number 6 is (c) 7 million, which constituted 82% of all youth. 7 Nazi Teachers’ Association or Nazi Teachers League 8 Race studies, or eugenics. 10 15% 11 National Political Institutes for Education – these were controlled by the SS and educated future chiefs for the government and the army.

Hitler Youth: military activities eg Hitler Youth: military activities eg. courage tests, learning to throw grenades, marching, raft building, map reading, looking after rifles, target practice. Physical fitness and political indoctrination: singing songs, learning about the history of the Nazi Party, watching Hitlerjunge Quex and The Eternal Jew, reading Mein Kampf, memorising the terms of the TOV, throwing, running, cross-country marching, swimming…. LOGM: learn how to make a bed, cooking and other domestic duties/the aim of motherhood. Captions for both posters…..Youth serves the Fuhrer. All 10 year olds in the Hitler Youth.

The 4 mark ‘inference’ question Students write an answer to this question, then compare with next slide. Don’t use your own knowledge Give ONE supported inference. You could do 2 to be on the safe side. Support your inference(s) with a direct quote from the source.

The 4 mark ‘inference’ question What can you learn from source A about Nazi policies towards young people in Germany? THE EXAMINER SAYS…. The answer picks up on something the source suggests, but doesn’t actually say about policies towards young people – ie. it makes an inference The answer doesn’t use wording which is too close to the wording of the source – this is copying or paraphrasing, and would only get 1 mark It backs up the inference with a short quote from the source Source A suggests that the Nazis thought children and teenagers should be fit and healthy. I know this because it says “programme of camping, sporting activities and marches”. These activities would encourage a fit and healthy person. 4/4 marks  

How were children indoctrinated at school? Teachers 97% joined the Nazi Teachers’ League and swore an oath of loyalty to Hitler. Those who didn’t promote Nazi ideals were sacked. Textbooks These were re-written to fit the Nazi view of history and racial purity. Mein Kampf became a standard text. Separate schools for boys and girls Girls had a different curriculum including domestic science (cookery and homemaking) and eugenics (how to produce the ‘perfect’ child by carefully selecting the father!) Lessons They began and ended with students giving the Heil Hitler salute. Nazi themes were woven into every subject. 15% of the timetable was PE.

Geog Maths History Biology Race studies – classifying racial types, the superiority of Aryans Qs about social and military issues, eg. what % of the population was Jewish, or bombing angles Lands which had been stolen from G under the TOV, how G was surrounded by hostile neighbours. The rise of the Nazi Party, the injustices of the TOV, the evils of communism and the Jews History Geog Biology Maths

The 6 mark ‘describe’ question Describe the policies of the Nazi government towards the young in the years 1933–39. REVISION: What keywords/key phrases beginning with the following letters could you use in your answer? A I In any question about the young/Nazi youth policy, you should be writing about youth movements AND school. L T S Aryan, Der Sturmer, Indoctrination, Textbooks (rewritten), League of German Maidens, Eugenics, Soldiers. E D

+ factual knowledge to develop it QUESTION 1b: Describe the key features of….. Describe the measures taken…. Describe the policies of….. Describe the weaknesses of…. (6 marks) One policy was….. + factual knowledge to develop it In the first sentence of each paragraph, identify the policy. Then develop it with factual knowledge. A second policy was….. + factual knowledge to develop it ACTIVITY Decide and write down – what are your two policies (first sentences of each paragraph) going to be? Then jot down 3 bullet points of factual knowledge to develop/support each policy. Students come up with 2 policies. Then jot down 3 bullet points of factual knowledge to support. 10 mins

The 6 mark ‘describe’ question Describe the policies of the Nazi government towards the young in the years 1933–39. One Nazi policy towards the young was to make membership to Hitler Youth compulsory by 1936. This was so that boys could be prepared to be soldiers, and girls to be mothers and housewives. At Hitler Youth, boys  did activities such as jumping over fire to prepare them to be brave for war. At the League of German Maidens, girls were taught how to cook and make beds. Both were indoctrinated with Nazi ideas by watching films like ‘The Eternal Jew’, an anti-Semitic film. A second policy towards the young was to indoctrinate children at school. They had to spend 15% of their timetable dedicated to PE as Hitler wanted a strong army and for the girls to be fit, so they would have strong children. School subjects were adapted to teach Nai ideals. For example, in history, students learn about the history of the Nazi Party. 6/6 marks   HOW DID IT GET 6/6? Clear policy identified in first sentence of each paragraph, eg. One policy was to make Hitler Youth compulsory in 1936…. Two paragraphs – One policy was… A second policy was…. Good factual knowledge to develop each policy

Focus on ways in which x changed Youth policy (youth movements and education) usually comes up in ‘explain how’ 8 mark questions. For example…. Explain how education changed in Germany in the years 1933-39. Explain how the position of young people changed in Germany in the years 1933–39. Explain how the Nazi government changed the lives of children in Germany. CHANGE/IMPACT Focus on ways in which x changed KNOWLEDGE Use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change 2 POINTS If you can, aim to explain two ways in which x changed What do you remember about the ‘rules’ for answering ‘explain how’ questions?

Explain how education changed in Germany in the years 1933-39. Curriculum was re-designed to indoctrinate children. CHANGE 2 Government control over schools was tightened-up. OVERALL/A* LINK The Nazis used education as one of the key ways of controlling young people. Explain how the position of young people changed in Germany in the years 1933–39. Explain how the Nazi government changed the lives of children in Germany. CHANGE 1 Lost freedom to follow their own ambitions. CHANGE 2 Young minds were shaped and indoctrinated by Nazis. OVERALL/A* LINK Children could no longer be individuals.