~THE AXIS POWERS ~HITLER’S PUSH TOWARDS WAR ~SPANISH CIVIL WAR

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??  1.) Western Democracies adopted this policy in dealing with the aggressions of Hitler?  2.) How does Hitler first defy the Treaty of Versailles?  3.) Please name the event and date that will begin World War II.

Dictators Challenge WORLD PEACE  Rise of Dictators in Europe  Benito Mussolini (1922)  Adolf Hitler (1933)  Japan  Japan challenges League of Nations  Invaded Manchuria (1931) and took parts of China (1937).  Withdrew from the “LEAGUE”.  Japan is led by their military  General Hideki Tojo  Emperor Hirohito

In 1931, Japan invades and claims Manchuria. ~Japan invades China in 1937, marching into French Indochina by ~In Europe, Adolf Hitler's armies now occupy much of central Europe, including France. The world is at war.

Italy seeks to create ‘ROMAN LAKE’  Mussolini wants to show off “Modern Military”.  Invades ETHIOPIA, in Northern Africa  Met with resistance, but Italy captures this country.  Haile Selassie asks for help from the LEAGUE.  LEAGUE votes on for sanctions.  League of Nations is powerless to stop this.

HITLER AND APPEASEMENT  APPEASEMENT  APPEASEMENT – “Giving in to the demands of an aggressor.”  Aims to defy Treaty of Versailles.  Builds up German military. **1 st violation**  Placed troops in “demilitarized” RHINELAND. **Violation**  German people adore Hitler’s actions!!  “LEAGUE” does….nothing.  APPEASEMENT policy

WHY Appeasement....why?  France -- had domestic issues.  Needed British support to take on Hitler  Britain – No desire for conflict or war.  Actions justified b/c Versailles was too harsh.  Fascism, not as evil as Soviet COMMUNISM!!  Pacifism – Opposition to war.  United States – Isolationism  Neutrality Acts  No sale of arms to any country at war.  LAND-LEASE ACT – Provide war materials to Britain.

ROME – BERLIN – TOKYO Axis  Hitler and Mussolini see the democracies as being weak.  Now is their time….  Form alliance of Italy, Germany, and Japan.  Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis  They will be known as the AXIS POWERS

Civil War in Espana  Spain controlled by an unpopular liberal Republic.  Conservative General Francisco Franco leads NATIONALISTS in a bloody revolt.  1936 CIVIL WAR -- Nationalists vs. Loyalists  Hitler & Mussolini give help to Franco.  “Dress rehearsal” for German military  1939 Franco establishes a fascist government in Spain.

From Mein Kampf  “If the (Nazi) movement really wants to be (honored) by history with a great mission for our nation…it must find the courage to gather our people and their strength for an advance … that will lead this people from its present restricted living space to new land and soil.”

Hitler’s Aggression Continues  1938 – Hitler set to begin the ANSCHLUSS  Union of Austria and Germany.  Austrian chancellor forced to appoint NAZI’s in key cabinet positions.  German army sent to “preserve order”.  Hitler makes a speech as ruler of Austria from imperial palace.  VIOLATION of Versailles, but the west does NOTHING!

The CZECH Crisis  Hitler sought his next victim, Czechoslovakia.  Claim 3 million “ETHNIC GERMANS” live in the Sudetenland.  Only two democracies left in Eastern Europe.  Hitler – ANNEX Sudetenland.  Munich Conference –1938  Britain and France choose to APPEASE Hitler.  Hitler says, “NO further demands.”

“Peace for our time…”  British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, “Conference had saved Czech. From destruction and Europe from Armageddon.”  French President Edouard Daladier, “The fools, why are they cheering.”

They chose dishonor; they will have WAR.”  March 1939, Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia.  August 1939, Nazi-Soviet  Hitler and Stalin agree to non- aggression.  Hitler feared communism/Stalin fears fascism.  Hitler did not want to fight both the west and Soviet Union.

An easy path to Poland  September 1, 1939 – German forces invade Poland.  Two days later, Britain and France honor commitment to Poland…. DECLARE WAR!  Fear of another war, led to Appeasement.  This war would be more horrendous than anyone could imagine.

League of Nations NO ACTIONS

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ??  1.) Western Democracies adopted this policy in dealing with the aggressions of Hitler?  2.) How does Hitler first defy the Treaty of Versailles?  3.) Please name the event and date that will begin World War II.