PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech- sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – how they function in language

Articulatory Phonetics Auditory Phonetics Acoustic Phonetics

Articulatory Phonetics Auditory Phonetics Acoustic Phonetics

phones phonemes allophones

phones sounds of language

Segments How thin can you slice language? sentence phrase word syllable letter... ?

Letters ? cat rat cat cot cat cap

minimal pair

Letters ? cat coat caught k V t codekeyed k V d right write rite r V t

Segments How thin can you slice language? sentence phrase word syllable letter phone

phones sounds of language

phones phonemes allophones

catrat catcotcatcot catcap topstop lip milk codecold minimal pairs

catrat catcot catcap topstop lip milk codecold significant non-significant predictable non-predictable meaning structure

catrat catcot catcap topstop lip milk codecold PHONEMES ALLOPHONES

phones sounds of language phonemes significant sound differences allophones non-significant sound differences

phoneme allophone / [ ]

phoneme allophone

Usually, of course, the different ALLOPHONES of the same PHONEME are all similar to each other - they form a FAMILY of sounds. But we mustn't fall into the trap of thinking that ALLOPHONIC difference is small while PHONEMIC difference is large. There is actually no real difference between these differences! We can see this by the fact that the same difference can be allophonic in one language, and phonemic in another. from

seatsheet massivemachine basicnation

She is fine as morn in May, mild, divine and clever. Like a shining summer’s day she is mine for ever. Sr. Sigurður Norland í Hindisvík

Mitsubishi Subaru

phoneme allophone MitsubishiSubaru

this theatre

think this thought þðþ

þessi þýðing