Chapter 7 Clothing for SAR

Objectives (1 of 3) List at least three characteristics in the various natural and synthetic materials used in the construction of clothing as used in SAR. List three of the factors concerning heat transfer due to clothing construction and/or design.

Objectives (2 of 3) Describe the function of each of the following layers of clothing: –Underneath layer –Wicking layer –Clothing layer –Insulation layer –Shell layer

Objectives (3 of 3) Describe the proper SAR clothing to be used in various environmental conditions. Describe some advantages and disadvantages of various types of outdoor footwear.

Clothing for the SAR Responder First line of defense in harsh conditions Protects from cold-related injuries Ensures comfort in adverse conditions

Natural Fiber Materials Derived from plants or animals Natural fibers: –Cotton –Wool –Silk –Down

Cotton Adequate for moderate climates –Breathable –Absorbs water Burns easily but does not melt Good insulator when dry, but poor when wet

Wool Maintains insulation when wet Burns slowly, very resilient, breathable, and durable Gives off an unpleasant odor when wet Inexpensive through military surplus supplier

Silk Very comfortable and light Good insulating and wicking properties Generally expensive Not durable and damaged by perspiration and sunlight

Down Light and very comfortable Absorbs moisture readily Excellent insulating properties when dry Absorbs and retains odors and will mildew when damp

Synthetic Fiber Materials Synthetic fibers are produced by chemical synthesis. –Nylon –Polypropylene –Polyester

Nylon Abrasion resistant and quick drying Low moisture absorption and wicking properties Blends well with other fibers Can be damaged by sunlight and melts when on fire Examples: Ripstop and Cordura ®

Polypropylene Maintains insulative properties when wet Repels and wicks moisture/water High abrasion resistance Easy care and non-allergenic Melts at relatively low temperatures (160ºC or 320ºF) Examples: Capilene™, Thermax™

Polyester Strong, durable, and inexpensive Softer and lighter than any other synthetic material Will not absorb moisture Poor wicking qualities Examples: Polartec ®, Polarguard™, Primaloft ®, Thinsulate™

Polartec ® Warm, comfortable, and versatile Not abrasion resistant Quick drying Resistant to stretching and shrinking

Polarguard ™ Used primarily as an insulator Continuous fibers form air-trapping pockets. Eliminates clumping and cold spots Examples: Polarguard HV™, Polarguard 3D™

Heat Loss and Garment Features (1 of 2) Rate of heat transfer through clothing depends on: –Quantity and thickness of dead air space –Amount of air that passes through a material –Water and moisture

Heat Loss and Garment Features (2 of 2) Closures need to be designed and applied properly. –Seams –Vents –Pockets –Reinforcements

The Layer System Layers of garments that can easily be added or removed: –Underneath –Wicking –Clothing –Insulation –Shell

The Underneath Layer For hygiene, discretion, and comfort Socks –One or two pair –Should not bunch –Should not cause constriction or abrasion

The Wicking Layer Moisture control and comfort Ensure proper fit Materials –Thin silk or wool –Synthetics such as Capilene™, Coolmax ®, and Polartec ®

The Clothing Layer Should offer some insulation and absorb moisture from layers beneath Loose fit and comfortable Durability and snag/tear resistant Consider visible colors.

The Insulation Layer Traps air between wicking and shell layers Accomplished best with multiple layers rather than one thick one Don’t forget about your extremities.

The Shell Layer Protects against the elements Must be strong and durable Consider ventilation. Hoods are highly recommended. Should be bright color. Research wisely: A good shell is an investment.

Shell Options Waterproof Shell Water-Repellent Shell Water-Resistant Shell Waterproof/Breathable Shell

Other Clothing Considerations (1 of 5) The head –An unprotected head can be responsible for half of the body’s heat loss. –Whole-head protection in cold environments (balaclavas) –In hot environments, protect head from external heat.

Other Clothing Considerations (2 of 5) Hands –Mittens keep generally keep hands warmer but affect dexterity. –Leather gloves protect hands and improve traction and grip. –Remember to protect the wrists.

Other Clothing Considerations (3 of 5) Feet –Examine and clean daily –Treat blisters and hot spots immediately. –Always wear clean, dry socks. –Have footwear fitted by a professional.

Other Clothing Considerations (4 of 5) Footwear –Proper fit and comfort –Adequate stability and support –Durability and good traction for environment –Protection from the elements –Break in footwear before using the field.

Other Clothing Considerations (5 of 5) Gaiters –Protection against dirt, debris, snow, and insects –Prevent layers from getting wet –Usually made of Cordura or ripstop and coated with waterproofing agent –Available in two sizes

Clothing Purchase Suggestions Research and investigate before purchasing. Plan ahead and buy off-season sale items. SAR clothing is an important tool. Take advantage of online discount retailers.