Ansgar’s church in Ribe

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Presentation transcript:

Ansgar’s church in Ribe – The Viking Age cemetery underneath the cathedral Converting Landscapes Colloquium, Bangor University, 22-23 March 2013 Morten Søvsø, Head of Archaeology, Sydvestjyske Museer

Northern Europe 800-850 Pagans Christians Birka Kaupang Åhus Ribe Ansgar fødes omkring år 800 O. 805 optages han i klosteret i Corbie efter sin mors død 823 forflyttes han til nystiftede Corvey, som leder af klosterskolen 829 missionsrejse til Norden. Kirke opføres på Birka. 831 Ærkesædet Hamburg grundlægges som missionssæde. Ansgar biskop Truso Hedeby Reric Hamburg Ipswich Bremen Lundenwic Dorestad Corvey Hamwic Domburg Quentovic Corbie

Wic-type marketplace until c. 850 Ribe was founded c. 700. Wic-type marketplace until c. 850 Åhus Ribe Truso Frisians Reric Ipswich Lundenwic Dorestad Hamwic Domburg Quentovic Corbie

Northern Europe 800-850, Ansgars livsløb Birka 826-27 Kaupang Pagans Åhus Christians Ribe Ansgar fødes omkring år 800 O. 805 optages han i klosteret i Corbie efter sin mors død 823 forflyttes han til nystiftede Corvey, som leder af klosterskolen 829 missionsrejse til Norden. Kirke opføres på Birka. 831 Ærkesædet Hamburg grundlægges som missionssæde. Ansgar biskop Truso Hedeby Reric Hamburg Ipswich Bremen Lundenwic Dorestad Corvey Hamwic Domburg Quentovic Corbie

Before 1882 Prior to restoration works

After restoration works 1-1½ meters was dug away around the cathedral

8.-9. C. Ribe

Excavations around the cathedral 2012 1986 1995 2011/12 2008/09 1987

The original topography, 2006 2008-12 1995 1987 2004

The original topography

A dune of drift sand reaching c. 4 m ASL.

Church placed on a natural terrace c. 1½ meters above the old main road.

The original topography Truncation level 1890 Medieval burials Drift sand, c. 0 AD Original topsoil, contained flints Viking Age burial Post Ice Age, melting sand

Ribe c. 860

The Lindegården excavation 1986 1995 1987

The Viking Age cemetery 82 graves excavated. ASR 13 Lindegården The Viking Age cemetery 82 graves excavated. N N ½ mønt. Knud d. Store, London, 1029-35.

Female, Age 40-50 years, 155 cm. buried in bow of logboat K1132 Female, Age 40-50 years, 155 cm. buried in bow of logboat 14C:11. C.

K1133. Age 5-7 years, 115 cm. Coffin with iron nails.

K1133 7 glass beads, an amber bead and decomposed silver bead. Probably 10. C. No 14C

K1135. Man 35-45 years, c. 165 cm. Wooden coffin.

K1135 Poor preservation. 14C: 9. C.

K1140. An emptied wagon-body-coffin, prob. 10. C.

K1140. Typically High-status female grave form. Perhaps reburied at another church?

Coffin types Coffin made from reused boat parts? Log coffin

In most of the graves rectangular coffins A few examples of log coffins and coffins from reused materials. Strictly christian grave custom with only a few deviations.

Both men, women and children were buried

Viking graves east of the cathedral

The two oldest graves were chamber graves

Shield amulet Silver filigree 10. C.

The extent of ”Ansgar’s cemetery”

Circular cemetery bounded by a ditch c. 10.000 m2 Number of buried, 850-1050: 2-30000

Cruciform fibulae made in/around Ribe Found in closed archaeological context in Ribe from c. 850

Nørlundvej, Hunderup. 10 km north of Ribe. 10. C. grave field.

Grave goods. They were not christian.

But those buried here were.