Supernovas, Dark Energy, and an Accelerating Universe: What Next? Saul Perlmutter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

P1.5.4 Red-shift AQA GCSE Science A. There are two main pieces of evidence for the Big Bang: 1.The expansion of the universe 2. Cosmic microwave background.

Advertisements

Ch1 0 The Big Bang Where do we come from, where are we going?

UNIVERSE CHAPTER BIG BANG The big bang theory is the main cosmological model for the earliest known time of the Universe. It shows us how the universe.

Origin & Evolution of the Universe

Most evidence today indicates that the age of the Universe is

Announcements Pick up graded tests Homework 12 due today Pick up Homework 13 Second project is due a week from Friday If you’re following our syllabus,

The Fate of the Universe. The cosmological principle The simplest universes is: Homogenous – the same everywhere you go Isotropic – the same in all directions.

Galaxies and the Universe

Matter Unit Learning Goal #1: Recognize the origin and distribution of elements in the universe.

Agenda Read Unit 8 Distance to galaxies (review) Redshift Hubble’s Law The Big Bang.

15 The Big Bang Where do we come from, where are we going?

18 The Big Bang Where do we come from, where are we going?

Class 3 The Universe And everything else…. Are there explosions in space? Are there explosions in space? If, so, what do you think causes them? If, so,

What is Dark Energy? Josh Frieman Fermilab and the University of Chicago.

J. Goodman – May 2003 Quarknet Symposium May 2003 Neutrinos, Dark Matter and the Cosmological Constant The Dark Side of the Universe Jordan Goodman University.

Marek Kowalski PTF, Szczecin Exploding Stars, Cosmic Acceleration and Dark Energy Supernova 1994D Marek Kowalski Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

1 Announcements Cosmos Assignment 5, due Monday 4/26, Angel Quiz Monday, April 26 Quiz 3 & Review, chapters Wednesday, April 28, Midterm 3: chapters.

GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION - 1. The Expansion of Galaxies In the 1920’s, Edwin Hubble demonstrated that all the `nebulae’ observed in the sky, which.

SPACE NOTES Grade 9 science. OUR UNIVERSE describe theories on the formation of the solar system describe theories on the origin and evolution.

The Dawn of Creation and the Beauty of the Universe Wichita State University April 6, 2010 Steven Beckwith University of California.

Scales in Space and Time in the Cosmos By Dr. Harold Williams of Montgomery College Planetarium

In Search of the Big Bang

Olbers Paradox Why is the sky dark? Possible answers:

The Expanding Universe

Contemporary science issues Lesson 16: Has the universe always been there? © 2006 Gatsby Technical Education Projects.

Expanding Universe 1)Hubble’s Law 2)Expanding Universe 3)Fate of the Universe November 20, 2002 Final Exam will be held in Ruby Diamond Auditorium NOTE.

Jennifer Lotz Hubble Science Briefing Jan. 16, 2014 Exploring the Depths of the Universe.

The Birth of the Universe. Hubble Expansion and the Big Bang The fact that more distant galaxies are moving away from us more rapidly indicates that the.

ASIAANTUPHYS CosPA Seminar May 28, Supernovae and Acceleration of the Universe A journal club K. Y. Lo.

Dark Energy & Flow 1 Dark Energy and Dark Flow Explained by Inter-Universe Coupling Gravity Updated December 27, 2013 Sing H. Lin, Ph.D., 林星雄 · 博士

Dark Energy Wednesday, October 29 Midterm on Friday, October 31.

How far away something is gets complicated at high z How far it is now? How far it was then? How far light travelled? How distant it looks? Let’s call.

Universe Scale We can’t measure size of universe (especially if infinite), so compare distances at different times in history: Distances between non-moving.

10B The Big Bang Where do we come from, where are we going?

The measurement of q 0 If objects are observed at large distances of known brightness (standard candles), we can measure the amount of deceleration since.

The Expanding Universe: Evidence for Acceleration 1.Review of Hubble’s Law 2.Excel Activity: Hubble’s Law with recent data 3.Modern interpretation of a.

Unit 3 Astronomy.  Spectroscope: An instrument that separates light into its component colors  Similar to what a glass prism does to light  Dark lines.

HST Observations of the Earliest Galaxies. Expansion of the Universe 1912 Edwin Hubble discovered that a galaxy’s recessional velocity Vr is proportional.

Type Ia Supernovae and the Acceleration of the Universe: Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey Kevin Krisciunas, 5 April 2008.

Ohio University - Lancaster Campus slide 1 of 17 Spring 2009 PSC 100 Hubble’s Law: The Age, Size, and Expansion of Our Universe.

THEORIES OF UNIVERSE FORMATION. Studying Space Cosmology – the study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe Astronomers study planets, stars,

How did the universe begin?. How do we know? Doppler Shift Lower pitched, longer wavelength Higher pitched, shorter wavelength.

HUBBLE’S LAW Edwin Hubble Hubble’s Law “the farther away a galaxy is from its observer, the faster it appears to be moving away from the observer”

Lecture 16: Deep Space Astronomy 1143 – Spring 2014.

1 Curvature measures Topics The Runaway Universe Review of models Just what were they measuring? What did they expect? What did they find? Motivation Discover.

Abundance of Light Elements - Spectral Analysis of Stars & Galaxies shows that there is a large % of: Hydrogen and Helium (99.9 %) present in the universe.

Astro-2: History of the Universe Lecture 10; May

NGC4603 Cepheids in NGC4603 Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function Number.

Galaxy Formation and the Hubble Law Assigned reading: Chapter 16 REMINDER: HW7 due Monday, plus Quiz.

Chapter 16-17: Cosmology  Hubble’s law Expansion of Universe 1  Galaxy spectra Optical spectra of remote galaxies show redshift (galaxies appear to move.

Dec 5, 2003Astronomy 100 Fall 2003 Last Homework is due next Friday– 11:50 am Honor credit– need to have those papers soon! THE FINAL IS DECEMBER 15 th.

Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 Saul Perlmutter Supernova Cosmology Project Berkeley, USA Brian P. Schmidt High-z Supernova Search Team Weston Creek, Australia.

ASTRONOMY What is the frequency of a wave? Which type of wave has more energy, high or low frequency waves?

The Origin of the Universe Chapter 20.3 Notes. What is the Universe? The universe consists of all space, matter, and energy that exists—now, in the past,

Milky Way Galaxy. Galaxy A group of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity. 170 billion galaxies in the universe 200 billion stars in a galaxy.

Lecture 23: The Acceleration of the Universe Astronomy 1143 – Spring 2014.

Option D. 3. Universe was born around 13.8 billion years ago in process called Big Bang In the beginning, all matter & energy in the entire universe was.

Cosmology. Olbers’s Paradox The Universe may be infinite – if it is, why is the night sky dark?

Chapter 20 Cosmology. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Galaxies and Cosmology A galaxy’s age, its distance, and the age of the universe are all closely related.

The Big Bang Theory Origin of the Universe.

The Big Bang Theory.

COSMOLOGY The study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe.

The Expanding Universe

Type 1a Supernovae Astrophysics Lesson 17.

A “Model” in Science Something made to be like some part of the real world in a particular way. Studying a good model can help us learn something about.

Dark Matter, Dark Energy And The Fate Of The Universe

General Concepts The Universe began with an explosion, the big bang, over 13 billion years ago. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, contains billions of stars and.

History of the Universe

Unit E – Space Exploration

Presentation transcript:

Supernovas, Dark Energy, and an Accelerating Universe: What Next? Saul Perlmutter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Abel 370: deep space image

The Thinker

Basic concepts

Me and audience

Sun 8 minutes ago

Nearest star & earth orbit

Nearest galaxy & first evidence of humans

Nearest clusters & dinosaurs

Abel 370: deep space image

Basic concepts: expanding universe

Picture of Einstein

Einstein 1920 (3 years after)

Prism picture

Frauenhoffer’s spectrum of sun

Through prism

Through prism, redshifted

Doppler shift picture Object receding: Long RED waves Object approaching: Short BLUE waves

Hubble’s original Hubble diagram

Blank Slide Show Transparencies

How much is this expansion? 50 km/sec/Mpc How much growth is this? I grow an angstrom/year But –in fact– things that are bound don’t expand. Photons do! How fast is this expansion?

Basic concepts: Redshift

Stretched wavelengths

Basic concepts: Standard Candle

Hubble’s original Hubble diagram

Candles

Basic concepts: Age of Universe

Blank Slide Show Transparencies

age of the universe if it had always expanded at today’s rate distance between galaxies is growing, but slower, if the universe is decelerating age of the universe Age from H0

Future possibilities: expand/collapse

Basic concepts

How to measure cosm (More total expansion since light left the Standard Candle) FAINTER (Farther) (Further back in time) Empty More redshift = Faster expansion in past = Expansion is slowing = More mass in universe Finite Borderline

Picture of accretion on WD star

lightcurve MPEG movie

3-panel MPEG movie

SNe Ia lightcurves (matched)

Through prism

3-panel MPEG movie

NYT: stretched spectrum matches

Problems with SNe Ia

Strategy (simple)

CTIO site

CTIO 4m dome

Inside CTIO 4m

Blank Slide Show Transparencies

Before/after & HST

Strategy with world

How to measure cosm (More total expansion since light left the Standard Candle) FAINTER (Farther) (Further back in time) Empty Universe Eventually Recollapses Finite Borderline

Our data on Hubble diagram Universe Eventually Recollapses (More total expansion since light left the Standard Candle) FAINTER (Farther) (Further back in time) Supernova Cosmology Project Calan/Tololo Survey relative brightness MORE REDSHIFT

The Implications of an Accelerating Universe

Future possibilities: expand/collapse

Future with accelerating universe Accelerating Universe

The Implications of an Accelerating Universe

Composition of the Cosmos Dark Energy: 65% Dark Matter: 30%

Montage of Magazine covers Breakthrough of the Year:

Quotes from Theorists November 30, 1999

“SNAP”: SuperNova Acceleration Probe

Assembling SNAP Movie courtesy of Hytec

SNAP Hubble diagram

N.Y. Times weighs in on Dark Energy April 10, 2001

Future with accelerating universe Accelerating Universe

Expansion History of the Universe

The Expansion History of the Universe

Blank Slide

Quinten Quartet

Blank Slide

Hubble diagram of our data

Time Magazine weighs in on Dark Energy Time Magazine 4/16/01

Telescope Assembly Movie courtesy of Hytec

SNAP

Picture of orbiting HST

New Yorker cartoon: chicken little

Extrapolate age from HO

How to measure cosmology