Chapter 4 Perception. Basic Principles of PERCEPTION Perception is the process that organizes those stimuli into meaningful objects and events and interprets.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PERCEPTION is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
Advertisements

Unit 4(G): Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Perception Chapter 4.
PERCEPTION Chapter 4.5. Gestalt Principles  Gestalt principles are based on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.  These principles.
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Unit 4: Sensation & Perception
Perception.
PSYC 1000 Lecture 21. Selective Attention: Stroop.
Unit 4: Sensation & Perception Definitions Sensory Systems Vision Hearing The Other Senses Perception.
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Perception Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
Sensation and Perception
Module 6 Perception.
Modules 11, 15 & 16 A.P. Psychology: Sensation & Perception.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.
Biopsychological Domain
Perception Illusion A false representation of the environment
By Andrea Rees. Gestalt Principles 1) Closure 2) Proximity 3) Similarity 4) Figure VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES OVERVIEW Depth Principles Binocular 1)
Vision Hearing Other Senses Perception 1 Perception 2.
Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception 1. Some Definitions: Sensation - process used by sense receptors to receive and store information from environment.
BY JESSIE PARKER VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES. VISUAL PERCEPTION Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing.
Module 6 Perception.
VIEWING THE WORLD IN COLOR. COLOR A psychological interpretation Based on wavelength, amplitude, and purity Humans can discriminate among c. 10 million.
Chapter 6 Section 2: Vision. What we See Stimulus is light –Visible light comes from sun, stars, light bulbs, & is reflected off objects –Travels in the.
Vision Part 2 Theories on processing colors. Objectives: The Student Will Compare and contrast color theories (VENN) Explain the Gestalt Theory List your.
Perception Chapter 5.
Warm Up #8 How many pegs do you see?
Depth Perception and Perceptional Illusions. Depth Perception The use of visual cues to perceive the distance or three-dimensional characteristics of.
Color, Form and Depth Perception
Perception 1. Inattentional Blindness Challenge: Count the number of passes the white shirts pass! VideoVideo (2mins) Video Type of selective attention.
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.
I. Perceptual Organization Overview Introduction (Gestalt) A. Form Perception B. Depth Perception C. Motion Perception D. Perceptual Constancy.
P ERCEPTION CRASH COURSE CRASH COURSE The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Seeing.
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Perception. The process of organizing, and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events Example:
Perception. Gestalt Psychology Gestalt means “an organized whole.” These psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into.
Chapter 6 Perception.  How do we create meaning out of sounds?  Selective Attention  focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus  Focus.
Perception Mr. Koch AP Psychology Forest Lake High School.
VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES By Mikayla. VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES  Gestalt principles 1.Closure 2.Proximity 3.Similarity 4.Figure-ground  Depth.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 6 Perception James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Chapter 6 Perception. The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect. selective attention.
Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Detecting and Perceiving the World Sensation –the process of.
Vision.
Module 16 Perception.
Unit 4: Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4 Perception Worth Publishers Complete 6.1.
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Perception crash course
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed)
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
VIEWING THE WORLD IN COLOR
Perception Chapter 8-3.
Gestalt Psychology Gestalt means “an organized whole.” These psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
Perception Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
Chapter 6 Perception Chapter 6 perception.
How you perceive your surroundings
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Perceptual Organization
Module 19 – Visual Organization and Interpretation
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
PERCEPTION Def: the mental process of organizing sensory input into meaningful patterns.
Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Perception

Basic Principles of PERCEPTION Perception is the process that organizes those stimuli into meaningful objects and events and interprets them.

Sound Localization –Sound localization: the ability to locate objects in space solely on the basis of the sounds they make Because the ears are only 6 inches apart, the time lag between the sound reaching both ears is very short. Even such small time lags provide the auditory system with sufficient information to locate the sound.

Sound Localization

Pitch Perception: Place Theory –Place theory: contends that we hear different pitches because different sound waves trigger hair cells on different places of the cochlea’s basilar membrane.

Pitch Perception: Frequency Theory –Frequency theory: contends that pitch is determined by the frequency with which the basilar membrane vibrates.

Pitch Perception –Place theory best explains high-frequency sounds, while frequency theory best explains low-frequency sounds. Mid- frequency sounds are best explained by volley theory, a revision of frequency theory.

Visual Perception Organization and interpretation of incoming visual information.

Pathways from the Eyes to the Visual Cortex (Left-Right Visual Fields)

Visual Information Processing Feature Detectors –nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus shape angle movement Stimulus Cell’s responses

Young-Helmholz Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision Any color can be created by combining three primary colors—red, green, and blue. The retina has three types of color receptors that produce the primary color sensations of red, green, and blue.

Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing

Color Vision Trichromatic theory: theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green Afterimages: images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed LO 3.3 How Eyes See and How Eyes See Color

Color Vision Opponent-process theory: theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red and green, blue and yellow –lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of thalamus LO 3.3 How Eyes See and How Eyes See Color

Opponent Process Flag

Explanation: Color Afterimage Stare at the white dot in the center of this oddly colored flag for about 30 seconds. Now look at a white piece of paper or a white wall. Notice that the colors are now the normal, expected colors of the American flag. They are also the primary colors that are opposites of the colors in the picture and provide evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision.

Color Blindness Monochrome colorblindness: a condition in which a person’s eyes either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all Red-green colorblindness: either the red or the green cones are not working –protanopia: lack of functioning red cones –deuteranopia: lack of functioning green cones –tritanopia: lack of functioning blue cones LO How Eyes See and How Eyes See Color

The Ishihara Color Test

In the circle on the left, the number 8 is visible only to those with normal color vision. In the circle on the right, people with normal vision will see the number 96, while those with red-green color blindness will see nothing but a circle of dots.

Perceptual Organization: Necker Cube Gestalt –an organized whole –tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Gestalt Principles Figure–Ground –the tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background Reversible Figures –visual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed LO 3.9 Gestalt Principles of Perception

Perceptual Organization Figure – Ground Organization of the visual field into objects (figures) and surrounding background (ground)

Gestalt Principles Similarity –the tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group Proximity –the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping LO 3.9 Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt Principles Closure –the tendency to complete figures that are incomplete Continuity –the tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern LO 3.9 Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt Principles Contiguity –the tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related LO 3.9 Gestalt Principles of Perception

ProximitySimilarity Continuity ClosureConnectedness

Depth Perception Depth perception: the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally –Binocular cues: depth cues that require information from both eyes –Monocular cues: depth cues that require information from only one eye

The Visual Cliff

Depth Perception – Binocular Cues Binocular cues- depend on use of two eyes –retinal disparity images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity –convergence neuromuscular cue two eyes move inward for near objects

Monocular Cues Monocular cues (pictorial depth cues): cues for perceiving depth based on one eye only –linear perspective: the tendency for parallel lines to appear to converge on each other –relative size: perception that occurs when objects that a person expects to be of a certain size appear to be small and are, therefore, assumed to be much farther away LO 3.10 What Is Depth Perception?

Monocular Cues Monocular Cues (cont’d) –interposition (overlap): the assumption that an object that appears to be blocking part of another object is in front of the second object and closer to the viewer LO 3.10 What Is Depth Perception?

Linear Perspective

linear perspective.

Relative Size

Overlap or Interposition

Monocular Depth Cues

Monocular Depth Cues: Height in Visual Field

Monocular Cues Aerial perspective: the haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater Texture gradient: the tendency for textured surfaces to appear to become smaller and finer as distance from the viewer increases LO 3.10 What Is Depth Perception?

Texture gradient causes the viewer to assume that as the texture of the pebbles gets finer, the pebbles are getting farther away Notice how the larger pebbles in the foreground seem to give way to smaller and smaller pebbles near the middle of the picture..

Texture Gradient

In aerial or atmospheric perspective, the farther away something is the hazier it appears because of fine particles in the air between the viewer and the object. Notice that the road and farmhouse in the foreground are in sharp focus while the mountain ranges are hazy and indistinct.

Monocular Cues Motion parallax: the perception of motion of objects in which close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are farther away Accommodation: as a monocular clue, the brain’s use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away LO 3.10 What Is Depth Perception?

Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image color shape size

Shape Constancy

Size-Distance Relationship

Perceptual Illusions – Ames Room

Size-Distance Relationship

The Müeller-Lyer Illusion

Müller-Lyer Illusion

Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another expectations that create a tendency to interpret sensory information in a particular way

Cultural Influence on Perception

Perceptual Set What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set

Would you have interpreted the middle drawing differently if you had looked at the drawing of the man’s face or the sitting woman first?

Perceptual Set Flying Saucers or Clouds?

There Is Little Scientific Evidence for Extrasensory Perception Extrasensory perception (ESP): the ability to perceive events without using normal sensory receptors Parapsychology: the field that studies ESP and other paranormal phenomena

There Is Little Scientific Evidence for Extrasensory Perception Types of ESP: –Mental telepathy: the ability to perceive others’ thoughts –Clairvoyance: the ability to perceive objects or events that are not physically present –Precognition: the ability to perceive events in the future –Psychokinesis: the ability to control objects through mental manipulation

Is There Extrasensory Perception? Extrasensory Perception –controversial claim that perception can occur apart from normal sensory input trickery (magician) imagination paranormal forces????? Not a natural human ability

There Is Little Scientific Evidence for Extrasensory Perception Reasons for skepticism include: –Generally, findings supporting the existence of paranormal abilities cannot be replicated in subsequent research. –Many published ESP studies have used flawed research methodologies or failed to detect outright fraud by those they were testing.

There Is Little Scientific Evidence for Extrasensory Perception Until ESP phenomenon can be reliably replicated in carefully controlled scientific studies, it will remain only a highly speculative “extra-sense” to most practitioners of science.