Phase Changes
Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.
What are the 4 states of matter? Solid Plasma Liquid Gas
Solids: Solids have a definite shape and volume usually organized, crystalline solid Softer solids will have no pattern, amorphous solid. packed tightly together Vibrate in place
Particles in Liquids: Liquids have a definite volume Liquids take the shape of their container. Liquids are a fluid Far enough apart to slide over one another Energy level is greater than in solids
Particles in Gases: No definite volume or shape. Gasses spread out to fill the entire space given. Can be squeezed together Particles are very far apart and move freely Collide frequently Have LOTS of energy
Particles in Plasma: Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged. Have indefinite shape and volume. EXTREMELY energetic Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles
What is a phase Change? A change from one state of matter to another Phase changes are physical changes because they do not affect the chemical make up of a substance.
What happens during a phase change? During a phase change heat energy is either absorbed or released Heat energy is released as molecules slow down and move closer together- exothermic Heat energy is absorbed as molecules speed up and expand-endothermic
Melting Phase change from a solid to a liquid Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy
Freezing Phase Change from a liquid to a solid Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.
Vaporization (Boiling) Phase change from a liquid to gas. It occurs at the boiling point of matter. Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.
Evaporation Phase change from a liquid to a gas on the surface of a liquid (type of vaporization). Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.
Condensation Phase change from a gas to a liquid. Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.
Sublimation Phase change from a solid to a gas. Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.
Deposition Phase change from a gas to a solid. Molecules slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.
Phase change of water Why is there no change in temperature during a phase change? Define melting and boiling point. What is the melting and boiling point of water? At what temperature does water freeze and become a solid?