Early Astronomers & Planetary Motion
Vocabulary Terms Perihelion – when a planet is closest to the sun in its orbit. Aphelion – when a planet is farthest from the sun in its orbit. Ellipse – the oval shaped path that a planet takes around the sun. Geocentric Model of SS – Earth is at the center of the SS Heliocentric Model of SS – Sun is at the center of the SS
PTOLEMY (90 – 168 AD)
PTOLEMY (90 – 168 AD) Roman Astronomer, mathematician, and geographer Thought Earth was at the center of the solar system (Geocentric model of the SS) Thought that all the planets traveled in smaller circles, called epicycles.
COPERNICUS (1473 – 1543)
COPERNICUS (1473 – 1543) Scientist during time of Renaissance Thought the sun was the center of our SS (Heliocentric model of SS) Also proposed the idea that Earth was tilted He and his followers had to study in secret
Galileo (1564 – 1642)
Galileo (1564 – 1642) He was the first to use telescopes to observe space He discovered 4 moons around Jupiter He discovered the phases of Venus He observed the surface of the moon and the sun.
BRAHE (1564 – 1601)
BRAHE (1564 – 1601) Built an observatory and recorded the positions of the stars and planets for 20 years. At age 20, he was in a duel and lost part of his nose. He wore a metal insert over the missing part.
KEPLER (1571 – 1630) Brahe’s assistant and mathematician Published the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609 – 1618.
KEPLER'S FIRST LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion states that the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus of the ellipse.
KEPLER'S SECOND LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION Equal Area Law - states that a line from a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times. The planet moves more slowly when it is farther from the sun and faster when it is near it.
KEPLER'S THIRD LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION Harmonic Law – states that the farther a planet is from the sun, the slower its speed and the longer its period of revolution.
SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642 – 1727)
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION The Universal Law of Gravitation states that the force of gravity between two objects is dependent on the mass of the objects and their distances from each other.
Early Astronomers & Planetary Motion
Vocabulary Terms Perihelion – when a planet is ___________ to the sun in its orbit. Aphelion – when a planet is ___________ from the sun in its orbit. Ellipse – the oval shaped path that a ________ takes around the _______. Geocentric Model of SS – ________ is at the center of the SS Heliocentric Model of SS – _________ is at the center of the SS
PTOLEMY (90 – 168 AD)
PTOLEMY (90 – 168 AD) ________ Astronomer, mathematician, and geographer Thought ______ was at the center of the solar system (_________ model of the SS) Thought that all the planets traveled in smaller circles, called __________.
COPERNICUS (1473 – 1543)
COPERNICUS (1473 – 1543) Scientist during time of ________________ Thought the ______ was the center of our SS (____________ model of SS) Also proposed the idea that _____ was ______ He and his followers had to _______ in secret
Galileo (1564 – 1642)
Galileo (1564 – 1642) He was the first to use ___________ to observe ______ He discovered 4 moons around ________ He discovered the __________ of Venus He observed the ________ of the _______ and the _______.
BRAHE (1564 – 1601)
BRAHE (1564 – 1601) Built an ___________ and recorded the positions of the _______ and _________ for 20 years. At age 20, he was in a _____and lost part of his ______. He wore a metal insert over the missing part.
KEPLER (1571 – 1630) Brahe’s _________ and mathematician Published the _____ of Planetary ______ in 1609 – 1618.
KEPLER'S FIRST LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion states that the ______ of the planets are ______ with the _____ at one focus of the ellipse.
KEPLER'S SECOND LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION ______ Area Law - states that a line from a planet to the sun will sweep out _____ areas in equal times. The planet moves more ______ when it is farther from the sun and ______ when it is near it.
KEPLER'S THIRD LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION _________ Law – states that the _______ a planet is from the sun, the slower its ______ and the longer its period of __________.
SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642 – 1727)
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION The __________ Law of Gravitation states that the force of _______ between two objects is dependent on the _____ of the objects and their _______ from each other.