The Status of the Hubble Space Telescope 2014 STScI Calibration Workshop Helmut Jenkner

Hubble is As Powerful As Ever Deep, precise, stable pan-chromatic imaging Slitted and slitless spectroscopy, coronagraphy, astrometry Life stories of galaxies Architecture of the universe Recipes for building planets Mysteries of dark matter and dark energy Births and deaths of stars STScI Calibration Workshop - August 20142

Current Status All science instruments are performing well – ACS, COS, STIS, and WFC3 are being used for science Observatory subsystems in excellent working order Cycle 21 is progressing as planned – October 1, 2013 – September 30, 2014 Cycle 22 programs selected – Nominal start on October 1, 2014 – Already observing now for a small number of programs 24 th Anniversary on April 24, 2014 – Kicks off Hubble’s 25 th year STScI Calibration Workshop - August Visible WFPC Infrared WFC3/IR 2014

Challenging Observations Large Scales, New Techniques Frontier Fields – In progress – 6 x 2 x 70 orbits Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs – Completed in October 2013 – total of 2260 orbits New Horizons KBO Campaign – Search portion completed last week – 40 DD orbits, 126 C22 orbits – Orbit determination follow-up observations ongoing – 28 orbits Reverberation Mapping of NGC 5548 – Completed on July 27 – 1 orbit per day for 179 days WFC3 Spatial Scanning Observations – See presentations at this workshop Offset slew (“slot”) clearing for observations of bright variable objects STScI Calibration Workshop - August 20144

5 Cluster Blank Field 2 clusters per year x 3 years → 840 total orbits 1000 hours Spitzer DD time for ~26.5 ABmag in IRAC 3.6, 4.5 μm Brammer, VLT/Hawk-I K Hubble Frontier Fields Cycles (FY14-FY16) 6 strong-lensing clusters + 6 adjacent parallel fields 140 HST DD orbits per field pair ACS/ WFC3-IR in parallel ~ 29 ABmag in 7 bands

STScI Calibration Workshop - August 20146

7

2014 HST Senior Review Site Visit 8 Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Program (PHAT) PI: J. Dalcanton 834 orbits Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Program (CANDELS) PI: S. Faber / H. Ferguson 750 orbits Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble (CLASH) PI: M. Postman 474 orbits MCT Supernova Follow-up PI: A. Riess 202 orbits HST Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs Cycles 18, 19, & 20

New Horizons KBO Search STScI Calibration Workshop - August 20149

If all works as planned, Hubble should be able to peer even deeper into space and farther back in time than it has before. The telescope, circling some 350 miles above Earth, is expected to perform for at least five more years. That should be long enough to bridge the gap until its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope, is sent to a perch almost a million miles from Earth. Monday, May 25, 2009 Monday, August 11, STScI Calibration Workshop - August

Hubble 2020 Vision Statement STScI Calibration Workshop - August Operate Hubble out to 2020 or beyond so that there is at least one year of overlapping science observations with the James Webb Space Telescope, performed in a manner that maximizes the science return of both observatories by taking full advantage of Hubble's unique capabilities and the astronomical community's scientific curiosity. An operating observatory Capable science instruments Scientific drivers (demand) Adequate staffing and user support Appropriate funding Teamwork (multi-level) As long as it remains scientifically productive How long will Hubble continue to operate? What is needed to keep Hubble scientifically productive?

The Road to Current StatusExpectations Observatory Health Excellent Good reliability of science instruments and major systems through 2020 (NESC) Known modes of degradation Orbit DecayNominal orbit Orbit stable until mid-2030s Scheduling Efficiency ~50%, near all-time high Efficiency declines to ~40-45% upon transition to reduced-gyro mode Scientific Productivity ~800 papers per year; ~40 PhDs per year Publication rate remains high New discoveries continue Demand >1000 proposals per year; 6:1 oversubscription (time) No near-term decrease expected StaffingLean operations Work efficiencies are harder to achieve beyond FY16 without loss of capability Mission Funding $98.3M/year total budget (~2/3 ops, ~1/3 grants+EPO) Flat mission budget presents challenges Grant Funding $28.6M/year in grants to the community Grant funding is stable through FY15-FY16 May decline as JWST grants start STScI Calibration Workshop - August

Observatory Status STScI Calibration Workshop - August Observatory Systems Status Science Instruments ACS Operating well. Charge transfer degradation corrections in place for WFC. COS New blue mode extends to 90 nm. Far-UV sensitivity remains excellent (initial decline has arrested). STISOperating well. Imaging, spectroscopy, coronagraphy. NICMOSSafed, warm. WFC3 Excellent stability, sensitivity. Spatial scanning available. Charge transfer corrections for UVIS channel. Persistence maps available for IR channel. Fine Guidance SensorsSlow degradation being monitored, understood. Electrical and Power SystemBatteries and solar arrays - no serious issues. Pointing and Control System Gyro 5 ceased operation on March 7, Overall complement of gyros remains robust. SI Control and Data HandlingLockups are rare (1-2x per year) and understood. Thermal Control SystemExcellent, no serious issues.

HST Gyro Locations – SM4 STScI Calibration Workshop - August Rate Sensing Units

Gyro 5 STScI Calibration Workshop - August On March 7, 2014 Gyro 5 failed – Failure was expected following a flex lead failure on February 22 – Gyro 5 has “standard” flex lead – Not a mission lifetime limiting event HST has 6 gyros – Well-developed plan is in place for eventual failure of any gyro – Continue in 3-gyro mode as long as possible to maximize science Flex Lead Heaters Flex Lead HST 64-PM Fluid Floated RIG Rate Gyro Electronics Control Unit (ECU) Rate Sensor Unit (RSU)

Subsystem Reliability NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) reliability estimates for Hubble’s instruments and primary subsystems support a 2020 vision. The recent failure of Gyro 5 does not substantively change the overall gyro lifetime assessment. STScI Calibration Workshop - August InstrumentsSubsystems

Hubble Science Output 12,303 science papers based on HST data, with more than 525,000 citations 13,327 individuals have (co)authored a paper based on HST data More than 500 PhD theses have been based on HST data 17 Year of Publication Refereed Papers per Year STScI Calibration Workshop - August 2014

Cycle Number of Proposals per Cycle Post-SM4 Intense Proposal Pressure For Cycle 22 there were 1135 proposals submitted >6000 different investigators have had approved programs to date 18STScI Calibration Workshop - August 2014

High Scheduling Efficiency STScI Calibration Workshop - August Feb 2014Mar 2013 Weekly calendars % Efficiency Science program scheduling is challenging o Large programs with strict timing/orientation constraints (e.g., Frontier Fields) o Parallel observations (coordinated and pure) o Targets of opportunity (~150 activated since SM4) o Quick-turnaround DD programs (rare/high-impact science opportunities) Scheduling efficiency of 50% is substantially higher than original goal of ~35%

29% Grants to Observers 33% GFSC Flight Operations & Sustaining Engineering 33.5% STScI Science Operations 4.5% STScI EPO HST Budget ($98.3M) Operations staff is half the size it was ~12 years ago Note: Even a flat funding profile of $98.3M per year will require reductions in personnel or cuts to science grant funding. Cy18 – $27.7M Cy19 – $28.4M Cy20 – $30.1M Cy21 – $28.6M STScI Calibration Workshop - August

21 No Scan Scanned Hubble may be 24 years old, but its best years are still ahead… STScI Calibration Workshop - August