הטיפול הפליאטיבי כנושא דגל אומנות הרפואה, עקרון האוטונומיה ו - PRIMUM NON NOCERE במילניום השלישי אומנות הרפואה, עקרון האוטונומיה ו - PRIMUM NON NOCERE.

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הטיפול הפליאטיבי כנושא דגל אומנות הרפואה, עקרון האוטונומיה ו - PRIMUM NON NOCERE במילניום השלישי אומנות הרפואה, עקרון האוטונומיה ו - PRIMUM NON NOCERE במילניום השלישי ד"ר דורון גרפינקל, מנהל מחלקת אבחון ושיקום והיחידה הפליאטיבית שהם – המרכז המשולב לרפואה גריאטרית, פרדס חנה ד"ר דורון גרפינקל, מנהל מחלקת אבחון ושיקום והיחידה הפליאטיבית שהם – המרכז המשולב לרפואה גריאטרית, פרדס חנה 3rd. MILLENIUM ????? ?????

Longstanding Questions in Moral Philosophy As Individuals and as Societies Whether in a clinical situation or in everyday life : What is the right thing to do ? Who will this help? Who will this harm? How much? Similar questions asked when considering treatment options In End of Life Issues as well Whether in a clinical situation or in everyday life : What is the right thing to do ? Who will this help? Who will this harm? How much? Similar questions asked when considering treatment options In End of Life Issues as well Two Models John Stuart Mill ( ) UtilitarianUtilitarianKantianKantian Immanuel Kant (18 th. century)

The Utilitarian Model Main Tenets   Morality is a matter of consequences   We must count the consequences for everyone   Everyone’s suffering counts equally   What are the relative benefits and harms of the various alternatives ?   Always act in a way that produces the greatest overall good & least overall bad consequences.   Morality is a matter of consequences   We must count the consequences for everyone   Everyone’s suffering counts equally   What are the relative benefits and harms of the various alternatives ?   Always act in a way that produces the greatest overall good & least overall bad consequences. The right thing to do is what produces the best consequences for everyone Utilitarian are always calculating, weighing costs & benefits.. to make sure resources are allocated in the most efficacious way possible

The Utilitarian Model End of Life Issues   How much care should be given at the EoL ?   Inordinately high % of our health budget go to treatment in the last months of life   It’s not … because much money is spent, but rather because it is not being well spent in more cost-effective ways   Preventive medicine & wellness programs seem to offer the possibility of spending this budget in ways that have a greater overall impact on QoL.   How much care should be given at the EoL ?   Inordinately high % of our health budget go to treatment in the last months of life   It’s not … because much money is spent, but rather because it is not being well spent in more cost-effective ways   Preventive medicine & wellness programs seem to offer the possibility of spending this budget in ways that have a greater overall impact on QoL. The right thing to do is what produces the best consequences for everyone The concept of medical futility, looks at c onsequences. Attempts to draw a clear line at that point where treatment no longer holds a reasonable hope of producing good consequences

The Kantian Model Main Tenets   There are two classes of entities in the world: things and persons.   Things have a price, can be bought and sold, objects to be used. Persons cannot be treated like mere things.   It’s precisely this moral tradition which underlies the doctrine of informed consent.   Key notions: Respect for Autonomy, Dignity, Rights   There are two classes of entities in the world: things and persons.   Things have a price, can be bought and sold, objects to be used. Persons cannot be treated like mere things.   It’s precisely this moral tradition which underlies the doctrine of informed consent.   Key notions: Respect for Autonomy, Dignity, Rights Emphasizes the notions of respect, autonomy, and fairness

The Kantian Model A U T O N O M Y   From Greek words “auto” (self) & “nomos” (law).   What makes people different from things, is that they can make up their own minds.   Autonomy, is the ability of a human being to freely impose the moral law upon himself / herself.   To deny someone’s autonomy is to rob them of the opportunity to make their own decisions   From Greek words “auto” (self) & “nomos” (law).   What makes people different from things, is that they can make up their own minds.   Autonomy, is the ability of a human being to freely impose the moral law upon himself / herself.   To deny someone’s autonomy is to rob them of the opportunity to make their own decisions Autonomy = freedom + reason   Tries to avoid abusing people merely as a means, committees on use of human subjects, informed consent, advance directives are designed to protect the autonomy of patients in order to insure individual’s autonomy is respected.   Tries to avoid abusing people merely as a means, committees on use of human subjects, informed consent, advance directives are designed to protect the autonomy of patients in order to insure individual’s autonomy is respected.

The Kantian Model End of Life Issues   Medicine has become increasingly capable of postponing death.   Kantians emphasize the importance of a patient’s right to decide.   Increasingly, we’re forced to choose whether to allow ourselves to die.   Do we own our own bodies and our lives? If we do, does that give   us the right to do whatever we want with them?   Do we have a right to die? Plan our death ?   The right to choose: When? Where (Home Vs. Hospital)? How?   Isn’t it cruel to let people suffer pointlessly?   Medicine has become increasingly capable of postponing death.   Kantians emphasize the importance of a patient’s right to decide.   Increasingly, we’re forced to choose whether to allow ourselves to die.   Do we own our own bodies and our lives? If we do, does that give   us the right to do whatever we want with them?   Do we have a right to die? Plan our death ?   The right to choose: When? Where (Home Vs. Hospital)? How?   Isn’t it cruel to let people suffer pointlessly? Autonomy: The Right to Die - Who Decides ?

Many of the ethical disagreements about EoL decisions can be seen as resulting from differing ethical frameworks, especially Kantian Vs. Utilitarian. Lawrence M. Hinman, ethics.sandiego.edu End of Life Issues What is the right thing to do ? Use these models to understand where you stand, where your patients stand, and where your organization stands in regard to EoL issues. Use these models to understand where you stand, where your patients stand, and where your organization stands in regard to EoL issues.

לאורך ההיסטוריה המרפא האולטימטיבי בכל הדתות והמסורות.... היה האל הכול יכול !!! לאורך ההיסטוריה המרפא האולטימטיבי בכל הדתות והמסורות.... היה האל הכול יכול !!! אני יי רופאך (שמות ט"ו כו') הנני מעלה לה ארוכה ומרפא ורפאתם (ירמיהו ל"ג, ו') אני יי רופאך (שמות ט"ו כו') הנני מעלה לה ארוכה ומרפא ורפאתם (ירמיהו ל"ג, ו') ו ל כ ן ללא ספק אמצעי הטיפול הראשון בהיסטוריה היה התפילה לאל ו ל כ ן ללא ספק אמצעי הטיפול הראשון בהיסטוריה היה התפילה לאל הטיפול הפליאטיבי בראי ההיסטוריה PREVENTIVE - CURATIVE - PALLIATIVE

VIGELAND GARDENS, OSLO GUSTAV VIGELAND

השינוי ההיסטורי בתפיסת בריאות-חולי ומטפל – מטופל B.C. PRAYER COMPASSION HUMANITY EXPERIENCE KNOWLEDGE? TRIAL & ERROR PRIMUM NON NOCERE ! PRIMUM NON NOCERE ! HEALER = PHYSICIAN HEALER = PHYSICIAN

PRAYER COMPASSION HUMANITY EXPERIENCE KNOWLEDGE ??? TRIAL & ERROR PRIMUM NON NOCERE ? P R I M U M N O N N O C E R E ? MEDICAL SCIENCE MEDICAL SCIENCE IMPROVED DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IMPROVED SPECIFIC DRUGS SPECIALTIES, HOSPITALS HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE THERAPEUTIC GUIDELINES MEDICAL SCIENCE MEDICAL SCIENCE IMPROVED DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IMPROVED SPECIFIC DRUGS SPECIALTIES, HOSPITALS HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE THERAPEUTIC GUIDELINES המהפך בתפיסת בריאות-חולי ומטפל - מטופל במאה ה - 20 HEALER = “SCIENTIFIC” PHYSICIAN HEALER = “SCIENTIFIC” PHYSICIAN KNOWLEDGE !!!

PRIMUM NON NOCERE ? MEDICAL SCIENCE IMPROVED DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IMPROVED SPECIFIC DRUGS SPECIALTIES, HOSPITALS HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE THERAPEUTIC GUIDELINES MEDICAL SCIENCE IMPROVED DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IMPROVED SPECIFIC DRUGS SPECIALTIES, HOSPITALS HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? HIGH TECHNOLOGY >> LOW TOUCH? RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS STATISTICS, COMPUTERS EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE THERAPEUTIC GUIDELINES המהפך בתפיסת בריאות-חולי וטיפול במאה ה - 20 HEALER = “SCIENTIFIC” PHYSICIAN 20 TH. CENTURY MISLEADING EUPHORIA - WE CAN CURE EVERYTHING !!!

Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? TS Eliot TS Eliot Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? TS Eliot TS Eliot Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?

שיפור הטיפול במחלות אקוטיות – זבנג וגמרנו!! הרופא ההרואי – באתי, ראיתי (ניתחתי) ניצחתי! התקדמות טכנולוגיות רפואיות במאה ה- 20 גרמה לאמונת שווא שהרפואה תרפא הכול. הרופא הידען, המדען, המיומן בעצמו – גישה פטרנליסטית, יהירה משהו..... קיימים מטפלים אחרים אבל רק ברקע, ניצבים חסרי משמעות, נושאי כלים

התפכחות לקראת סוף המאה ה - 20: פרדוקס הטכנולוגיה הרפואית טיפול יעיל יותר במחלות אקוטיות וקטלניות, הקטנו תמותה ( MORTALITY ), יותר שורדים וממשיכים לחיות... אך התחלואה ( MORBIDITY ) דווקא עלתה ונמשכת יותר זמן עד למוות! טיפול יעיל יותר במחלות אקוטיות וקטלניות, הקטנו תמותה ( MORTALITY ), יותר שורדים וממשיכים לחיות... אך התחלואה ( MORBIDITY ) דווקא עלתה ונמשכת יותר זמן עד למוות! בכל קבוצות הגיל - קיימת עליה ענקית בפלח האוכלוסייה עם תחלואה כרונית הגורמת מוגבלות וסבל עבורם אין ריפוי בכל קבוצות הגיל - קיימת עליה ענקית בפלח האוכלוסייה עם תחלואה כרונית הגורמת מוגבלות וסבל עבורם אין ריפוי

PREVENTION & HEALTH PROMOTION PREVENTION SICKSICK HEALTHY CURATIVE MEDICINE MEDICINECURATIVE הכנס ה – 12 של תמיכה - ינואר 2006 PALLIATIVEMEDICINEPALLIATIVEMEDICINEVERY SICK SICKVERY AGEAGE AGEAGE DECREASINGDECREASING DECREASINGDECREASING QOLQOL QOLQOL הרחבת אופק הטיפול התומך נוכח תחלואי המאה ה - 21 MED.TECHNOLOGY

Non-Cancer Palliative Care The Political Pressure “ Every person with a progressive illness has a right to palliative care” (WHO, 2004) “Lack of palliative care for non-cancer sufferers … greatest inequity of all in palliative services” (Health Committee of House of Commons, 2004) “ Every person with a progressive illness has a right to palliative care” (WHO, 2004) “Lack of palliative care for non-cancer sufferers … greatest inequity of all in palliative services” (Health Committee of House of Commons, 2004) ( Hughes, Robinson & Volicer, 2005 )

העמקת התפיסה הפליאטיבית במאה ה – 21: הזכות למטופל, החובה למטפל וההישג לחברה ולמדינה הזכות למטופל, החובה למטפל וההישג לחברה ולמדינה העמקת התפיסה הפליאטיבית במאה ה – 21: הזכות למטופל, החובה למטפל וההישג לחברה ולמדינה הזכות למטופל, החובה למטפל וההישג לחברה ולמדינה הכנס ה – 13 של תמיכה - ינואר 2006 N U R S E S SOCIAL WORKERS PSYCHOLOGISTS PHYSIO / OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS P H Y S I C I A N S DIETICIANS, SPEACH THERAPY, CHAPLAINS, SPIRITUALITY, LAW, ETHICS Etc GP, PEDIATRICS, GERIATRICS, INTERNISTS SURGERY, OBG, ONCOLOGY,.... SUB SPECIALTIES SUB SPECIALTIES

"...להיות חולה ולמות", שרק לפני כמה דורות התייחס ללא יותר ממספר שבועות, בימינו שכיח כי יימשך שנים רבות... "...להיות חולה ולמות", שרק לפני כמה דורות התייחס ללא יותר ממספר שבועות, בימינו שכיח כי יימשך שנים רבות... תקופת "סוף החיים" השכיחה הפכה להיות תקופה של חיים עם מחלות כרוניות למשך זמן רב, ולא מוות פתאומי מסיבוך או התדרדרות... תקופת "סוף החיים" השכיחה הפכה להיות תקופה של חיים עם מחלות כרוניות למשך זמן רב, ולא מוות פתאומי מסיבוך או התדרדרות... AFTER AGING... Lynn J & Cretin S. Editorial, J Am Ger Soc 2000; 48: AFTER AGING... Lynn J & Cretin S. Editorial, J Am Ger Soc 2000; 48: ה ת פ כ ח ו ת : השינוי בתפיסת סוף החיים ה ת פ כ ח ו ת : השינוי בתפיסת סוף החיים

זמן בחיים - שנים 100% תפיסת בריאות וחולי היסטורית מצב בריאותי ואיכות חיים מצב בריאותי ואיכות חיים איכות חיים גרועה מוות

זמן בחיים - שנים 100% השינוי בתפיסת בריאות וחולי התפכחות במאה ה - 21 מצב בריאותי טוב ואיכות חיים טובה מצב בריאותי טוב ואיכות חיים טובה איכות חיים גרועה מוות. איכות חיים גרועה מ ו ו ת

“ And so from hour to hour we ripe and ripe, and then from hour to hour we rot and rot; “ And so from hour to hour we ripe and ripe, and then from hour to hour we rot and rot; William Shakespeare, As You Like It, 2.7 And thereby hangs a tale.“ And thereby hangs a tale.“

CURATIVE & PREVENTIVE THERAPY D I S E A S E PALLIATIVE – Q O L & RELIEVING SUFFER PALLIATIVE PERCEPTION- WHEN TO APPLY ? HEALTH DEATH BIRTH THE CURRENT MODEL PRESENTATION QUALITY OF LIFE >>>>

CURATIVE & PREVENTIVE THERAPY D I S E A S E PALLIATIVE – Q O L & RELIEVING SUFFER PALLIATIVE PERCEPTION- WHEN TO APPLY ? HEALTH DEATH BIRTH THE SUGGESTED MODEL THE CURRENT MODEL D I S E A S E ONLYPALLIATIVE HEALTH PRESENTATION

D I S E A S E 2 D I S E A S E 4 HEALTH D I S E A S E 1 DISEASE 3 HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH DEATH ONLYPALLIATIVE ONLYPALLIATIVE ONLYPALLIATIVE THE COMPLEX IMPACT OF MULTIPLE CO-MORBIDITY ONLYPALLIATIVE THE “REAL - LIFE” MODEL

D I S E A S E 2 D I S E A S E 4 PREVENTION - CURATIVE - PALLIATIVE WHAT WOULD BE THE OPTIMAL BALANCE ? HEALTH D I S E A S E 1 DISEASE 3 HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH ONLYPALLIATIVE ONLYPALLIATIVE ONLYPALLIATIVE ONLYPALLIATIVE QUALITY OF LIFE >>>> PALLIATIVE

PREVENTIVE THERAPY ??? PREVENTIVE THERAPY ??? CURATIVE, LIFE EXTENDING T X. ??? DISEASES PALLIATIVEONLY HEALTH? DEATH PHYSICIANS USUALLY EXTRAPOLATE FROM GUIDELINES FOR TREATING YOUNG OR MIDDLE AGE PEOPLE PHYSICIANS USUALLY EXTRAPOLATE FROM GUIDELINES FOR TREATING YOUNG OR MIDDLE AGE PEOPLE – TO INCLUDE ALL ELDERS AND THOSE WITH CO-MORBIDITY, SEVERE DISABILITY, DEMENTIA & LIMITED LIFE EXPECTANCY (“TERMINAL”)..... PREVENTION - CURATIVE - PALLIATIVE WHAT WOULD BE THE OPTIMAL BALANCE ? USUALLY NO EBM IN THESE POPULATIONS

PREVENTIVE MEANS PREVENTIVE MEANS CURATIVE, LIFE EXTENDING THERAPY COMORBIDITY DEATHDEATH PREVENTIVE & CURATIVE THERAPY HEALTH GUIDELINE FOR CONTROLING: HYPERTENSION, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, DIABETES MELLITUS, HEART FAILURE, ARRYTHMIAS, COPD, OSTEOARTHROSIS, OSTEOPOROSIS, DYSPEPSIA, DYSURIA, BPH DEPRESSION, ANXIETY etc….. TILL WHEN?? DOES IT ALWAYS HELP ? DOES IT HARM ? PRIMUM NON NOCERE ?

Adhering to current CPGs in elders with several co-morbidities may have undesirable effects ; basing standards for quality of care and pay-for- performance on existing CPGs could lead to inappropriate judgment of the care provided Create perverse incentives that emphasize the wrong aspects of care for this population and diminish the quality of their care Adhering to current CPGs in elders with several co-morbidities may have undesirable effects ; basing standards for quality of care and pay-for- performance on existing CPGs could lead to inappropriate judgment of the care provided Create perverse incentives that emphasize the wrong aspects of care for this population and diminish the quality of their care Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, et al. J Am Med Ass 2008;294: 716 – 24. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbide diseases. Implications for pay for performance. Implications for pay for performance. PRIMUM NON NOCERE ! P R I M U M N O N N O C E R E !

uidelines The Sum Total of all potential beneficial effects of all specific drugs and Guidelines The Sum Total of all negative Impacts of Polypharmacy & combined Guidelines Primum non nocere Individualization Autonomy Advance Directives Patient / family preferences COMMONSENSE HUMANITY – EXPERIENCE - EBM KNOWLEDGE

NO ONE WOULD SUGGEST CONTINUING PREVENTIVE & CURATIVE GUIDELINES

PREVENTIVE THERAPY PREVENTIVE THERAPY CURATIVE, LIFE EXTENDING T X. DISEASES PALLIATIVEONLY HEALTH? DEATH TO GIVE ? OR NOT TO GIVE? REVERSED EXTRAPOLATION (TIME BEFORE DEATH...) TIME BEFORE DEATH HOURS... DAYS...>> WEEKS > < << YEARS HOURS... DAYS...>> WEEKS << MONTHS > > < << YEARS REVERSED EXTRAPOLATION - TYPE OF PATIENTS INDEPENDENT ELDERS << COMMUNITY FRAIL ELDERS << DISABILITY / DEMETIA REVERSED EXTRAPOLATION - TYPE OF PATIENTS INDEPENDENT ELDERS << COMMUNITY FRAIL ELDERS << DISABILITY / DEMETIA PREVENTION - CURATIVE - PALLIATIVE THE “REVERSED EXTRAPOLATION” METHOD

Annual Success Rate According to the No. Drugs Discontinued In Nursing Departments Rate of Failure - Re administration No. No.Patients No. Drugs Discontinued No. of No. ofDrugs No. of Patients 3/142/227 5/242/446 13/655/ /605/ /874/ /521/ /302/ /33221/119119TOTAL PERCENT

P - Value ControlGroupStudyGroup Total No (45%) 32 (45%) (21%) Deaths Annual Rate of Deaths and Referrals to Acute Care Facilities Annual Rate of Deaths and Referrals to Acute Care Facilities

P - Value ControlGroupStudyGroup Total No (45%) 32 (45%) (21%) Deaths (30%)21 14 (11.8%) Referrals to Acute Care Acute CareFacilities Annual Rate of Deaths and Referrals to Acute Care Facilities Annual Rate of Deaths and Referrals to Acute Care Facilities

DORON GARFINKEL, SARAH ZUR-GIL, JOSHUA BEN-ISRAEL ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL (IMAJ) 9: (June 2007) ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL (IMAJ) 9: (June 2007) THE WAR AGAINST POLYPHARMACY : A New, Cost Effective, Geriatric - Palliative Approach for Improving Drug Therapy in Disabled Elderly People THE WAR AGAINST POLYPHARMACY : A New, Cost Effective, Geriatric - Palliative Approach for Improving Drug Therapy in Disabled Elderly People

PREVENTIVE THERAPY PREVENTIVE THERAPY CURATIVE, LIFE EXTENDING T X. DISEASES PALLIATIVEONLY HEALTH? DEATH TO GIVE ? OR NOT TO GIVE? TIME BEFORE DEATH...) TIME BEFORE DEATH HOURS... DAYS...>> WEEKS > < << YEARS TYPE OF PATIENTS INDEPENDENT ELDERS << COMMUNITY FRAIL ELDERS << DISABILITY / DEMETIA TYPE OF PATIENTS INDEPENDENT ELDERS << COMMUNITY FRAIL ELDERS << DISABILITY / DEMETIA THE “REVERSED EXTRAPOLATION” METHOD IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERS

THE WAR AGAINST POLYPHARMACY : IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY PEOPLE Results: Results: THE WAR AGAINST POLYPHARMACY : IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY PEOPLE Results: Results: 70 elders evaluated, mean age 82.8 ± 7, 92% independent / frail, 94% suffered ≥3, 79%>4, 51%>6 different health problems (co-morbidities) The mean Follow Up 19.2 ± 11months. Participants used 7.73 ± 3.7 drugs (range 0-16). Discontinuation recommended for 57.5% of all drugs (4.4 ± 2.5 drugs/elder) 47% (3.7±2.5 drugs/elder) actually stopped. Only 5/256 discontinued drugs had to be restarted (failure 2%) successful discontinuation eventually achieved in 80.7%. No significant adverse effects. 80% of Patients/Families reported medical – functional - mental - cognitive improvement, defined as significant in 37%, outstanding in 29%. 10 elders (14%) died, mean age at death 88 years, FU 13±9 months. 70 elders evaluated, mean age 82.8 ± 7, 92% independent / frail, 94% suffered ≥3, 79%>4, 51%>6 different health problems (co-morbidities) The mean Follow Up 19.2 ± 11months. Participants used 7.73 ± 3.7 drugs (range 0-16). Discontinuation recommended for 57.5% of all drugs (4.4 ± 2.5 drugs/elder) 47% (3.7±2.5 drugs/elder) actually stopped. Only 5/256 discontinued drugs had to be restarted (failure 2%) successful discontinuation eventually achieved in 80.7%. No significant adverse effects. 80% of Patients/Families reported medical – functional - mental - cognitive improvement, defined as significant in 37%, outstanding in 29%. 10 elders (14%) died, mean age at death 88 years, FU 13±9 months.

90 minute Symposium #: 445 Title: THE WAR AGAINST POLYPHARMACY - RETHINKING AND RE-EVALUTION NEEDED FOR EACH AND EVERY DRUG IN THE ELDERLY 90 minute Symposium #: 445 Title: THE WAR AGAINST POLYPHARMACY - RETHINKING AND RE-EVALUTION NEEDED FOR EACH AND EVERY DRUG IN THE ELDERLY

כל החיים לפניו – La Vie Devant Soi אמיל אז'אר – Emile Ajar רומאן גארי

היא סירבה לשמוע על בית חולים כי שם נותנים לך למות עד הסוף.... מתנגדים למיתת-נשיקה ומאלצים אותך לחיות כל זמן שאתה עוד מסוגל לסבול… אינני רוצה להיכנס לבית-חולים. הם יענו אותי שם... הם יכריחו אותי לחיות מומו... כך הם תמיד עושים בבית חולים. הם יכריחו אותי לחיות מומו... כך הם תמיד עושים בבית חולים. יש חוקים שמחייבים אותם. איני רוצה לחיות יותר ממה שדרוש, יש גבול אפילו ליהודים. הם יתעללו בי, כדי שלא אוכל למות. יש להם משהו שקוראים לו אגודת-הרופאים ושמיועד במיוחד לזה. הם עושים לך את המוות עד הסוף ולא רוצים לתת לך רשות למות, כי זה יוצר זכויות יתר.... אינני רוצה לחיות רק מפני שהרפואה דורשת את זה... לחיות שנים מחוסרת הכרה, כדי שהרפואה תוכל להתפאר בכך. היא סירבה לשמוע על בית חולים כי שם נותנים לך למות עד הסוף.... מתנגדים למיתת-נשיקה ומאלצים אותך לחיות כל זמן שאתה עוד מסוגל לסבול… אינני רוצה להיכנס לבית-חולים. הם יענו אותי שם... הם יכריחו אותי לחיות מומו... כך הם תמיד עושים בבית חולים. הם יכריחו אותי לחיות מומו... כך הם תמיד עושים בבית חולים. יש חוקים שמחייבים אותם. איני רוצה לחיות יותר ממה שדרוש, יש גבול אפילו ליהודים. הם יתעללו בי, כדי שלא אוכל למות. יש להם משהו שקוראים לו אגודת-הרופאים ושמיועד במיוחד לזה. הם עושים לך את המוות עד הסוף ולא רוצים לתת לך רשות למות, כי זה יוצר זכויות יתר.... אינני רוצה לחיות רק מפני שהרפואה דורשת את זה... לחיות שנים מחוסרת הכרה, כדי שהרפואה תוכל להתפאר בכך. כל החיים לפניו - רומאן גארי

Art--2 Jack Kevorkian Nearer My God to Thee "האמת היא... שאין אמת!" פרידריך ניטשה "האמת היא... שאין אמת!" פרידריך ניטשה