The Etiology of malocclusion General factors Local factors Skeletal factor Muscle factor Dental factor

Local factors affecting occlusal development Dr. Ahmed AL-Mayali B.D.S M.Sc. Ortho. ahmed.almayali@uokufa.edu.iq

Local factors affecting occlusal development 1 Aberrant position of individual teeth 2 Supernumerary teeth 3 Developmental hypodontia 4 The labial frenum 5 Thumb or finger sucking

Aberrant developmental position of individual teeth Upper canine…...lower 3rd molar upper central incisor …...lower central incisor Trauma Congenital displaced

Aberrant developmental position of upper canine teeth Why? Space deficiency…….×

Location of the unerupted malpositioned canine A-Visual examination B- Palpation 3- Radiography

A-Visual examination

B- Palpation

Radiography 2 Intra-oral (periapical) 1 Intra-oral (periapical) 2 Anterior occlusal and oblique occlusal 3 Rotational tomography ( O.P.G ) 4 Postero-anterior and true lateral

1-Removal of the tooth. 2-Alignment into the dental arch with appliances. 3-Immediate repositioning of the tooth by extraction and reimplantation. 4-No treatment.

2- Supernumerary teeth Supplementary teeth Conical teeth Tuberculate teeth

A- Supplementary teeth Normal form Extra upper & lower incisors Effect…………...

B- Conical teeth

C- Tuberculate teeth Premaxilla Palatal Delay eruption central incisors C- Tuberculate teeth

3- Developmental hypodontia

The effect of hypodontia on dental occlusion form …incisors…..coniform & molars position …..more teeth…….spacing growth of the jaws. Basal part Alveolar part Vertical ,transverse, anteroposterior

4- The labial frenum

causes of upper median diastema 1-low and thick attachment 2-Hypodontia. 3-Proclination of incisors. 4-General spacing. 5-The presence of supernumerary teeth. 6-Ugly duckling stage.

Ugly duckling stage

Treatment 1-surgery 2-fixed appliance

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