Bird Vocab Quiz- Study Vocab!!!!

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth. Mammals evolved from early synapsid reptiles

Primitive Chordate

Fish Two Chambered Heart

Amphibian Heart- 3 Chambers Fig. 31.11

Reptilian Heart – 3 chambers Crocodile- incomplete 4

Fig. 48.28

Synapsids Animals with one skull opening behind eye socket Located in the temporal region

Pelycosaurs Synapsid reptiles from Pennsylvanian and Permian 300-245 MYA Body close to ground Legs away from body Canine like teeth Dimetron

Therapsids Before dinosaurs Evidence suggests Mammals evolved from therapsids Body raised off the ground Limbs more under the body Teeth differentiated into 3 types Lystrosaurus

Cynodonts “dog tooth” Lumbar ribs reduced or absent Well developed secondary palate Lower jaw reduced to one bone Thrinaxodon Cynognathus

Transitional Fossil Thrinaxodon 250-245 mya Body divided into lumbar and thoracic regions

Transitional Fossil Cynognathus 245-230 mya May have been endothermic and gave birth to live young Smaller than a wolf

Cladogram of Synapsids Cynodonts Mammals Therapsids Molars, hair, glands Pelycosaurs Reduced ribs, 1 jaw bone Limbs under body, different types of teeth Canine like teeth Synapsid reptiles

Early Mammals Triassic 225 MYA Small Megazostrodon

Repenomamus robustus Ate Dinosaurs

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Have fur/hair mammary glands Viviparous- Give birth to live young (except monotremes) Length of time in uterus - gestation period Extended parental care 4 chambered heart endothermic

Mammalian Anatomical Adaptations Muscular Diaphragm Specialized teeth Seven cervical(neck)vertebrae Outer ear Well developed brain- Largest cerebrum Sweat glands 7. Diphyodont teeth Two sets 8. Heterodont teeth Different shapes and functions

Basic Mammal

Lion

Rhinoceros

Gorilla

Chimpanzee

Chimp and Human

Bat

Same bones, different stance

Incisors

Canine

Premolars

Molars

Mammal Circulation

Fig. 31.12 Fig. 31.12

Humans Reunite with Animals They Raised http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/25929574/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals/t/hugging-lions-ex-owners-reflect-his-legacy/ http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/gorilla-reunites-with-the-man-who-raised-him-video.html

Mammal Classification 14 major orders Over 4,000 species About half are rodents

Monotremes “cloaca” Lay eggs Incubate 12 days Lick milk from mothers fur Transitional species Ex. Echidna, duck-billed platypus

Marsupials Pouched mammals Birth to tiny embryo Embryo attaches to mother’s nipple to complete development http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmJkn9dJDQ8

Marsupials and Monotremes in Australia Triassic Period Mammals evolved Pangea Jurassic Period Monotremes and marsupials migrated to southern pangea Cretaceous Period Pangea breaks up

Placental Mammals Placenta nourishes embryo Long gestation period 22 months for elephant Most successful group of mammals

Placental Mammals Competitive advantage over monotremes and marsupials Better nutrition from placenta Less vulnerable to predators More advanced at birth

Evolution of Placenta from Amniotic Egg Reptile Chorion Oxygen from air Amnion Provides private pond Yolk Sac Food for embryo Allantois Store urinary waste Mammal Chorion Form placenta to get oxygen & food from mothers blood Amnion Provides private pond Yolk sac Temporarily make RBCs Allantois Form umbilical cord

Placental: Order Insectivora Sharp-snout Small Burrow underground Eat insects

Order Chiroptera Only Flying mammals Elongated fingers Echolocation Ex. bats Importance- Seed dispersal Pollination Control insects

Echolocation http://animal.discovery.com/videos/fooled-by-nature-bat-vs-underwing-moth.html http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/dolphins-and-porpoises/narwhals.html

Smallest Mammal Kitti’s hog-nosed Bat Bumble bee size 1.5 grams

Order Xenarthra Toothless or peg like teeth

Order Carnivora Large canine teeth Teeth adapted to shear flesh

Order Rodentia Chisel-like incisor teeth Continuously grow Largest order

Order Cetacea “large sea animal” Front limbs modified into flippers No hind limbs Marine

Whales Blue whale 100 feet long, 120 tons Loudest animal– 188 dB 9 story building Loudest animal– 188 dB Sound travels 100’s of miles

Blue Whale Baleen whale Eats krill Heart weighs 1000 pounds Tiny crustaceans 400 pounds/day Heart weighs 1000 pounds Size of a Volkswagen Endangered species

Grey Whale

Migrates 12,500 miles

Grey Whale 50 feet long 35 tons Baleen whale Endangered species Sift mud Endangered species

Killer Whale

Breaching

Killer Whale 12,000 pounds Eat fish, squid, seals and whales 200 pounds/day Swim 30 mph

Humpback Whale

Order Pinnipedia “fin feet” Limbs modified for swimming Marine carnivores Seals, sea lions, walrus

Order Proboscidea Tusks Largest living land mammal

Order Artiodactyla “even toe” Two or four toes Giraffes, impalas, moose, bison, cows

Order Perissodactyla “odd toed” One or three toes Horses rhinos

Order Primata Opposable thumb Binocular vision Fingernails usually Mammary glands reduced to one thoracic pair Most intelligent group of animals

The End

Evolution Change over time Which Chordate class do you think has more advantages/adaptations to survive changing times? Which classes have disadvantages? Which Chordate classes can you see evolutionary similarities in so far?