ORAL TISSUES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE Dr.Shahzadi Tayyaba Hashmi DNT 243 ORAL PATHOLOGY

ORAL TISSUES Intra oral TissuesExtra oral Tissues

TYPES OF INTRA ORAL TISSUES INTRA ORAL HARD TISSUES Teeth Jaws (maxilla and mandible) Hard Palate INTRA ORAL SOFT TISSUES Gingiva Tongue Lips Buccal mucosa Labial mucosa Soft palate Floor of the mouth pharynx INTRA ORAL HARD TISSUES Teeth Jaws (maxilla and mandible) Hard Palate INTRA ORAL SOFT TISSUES Gingiva Tongue Lips Buccal mucosa Labial mucosa Soft palate Floor of the mouth pharynx

EXTRA ORAL TISSUES TM joint Lymph nodes Head and face Eyes Ears Bones and cartilage Nose Blood vessels Face TM joint Lymph nodes Head and face Eyes Ears Bones and cartilage Nose Blood vessels Face

HEALTHY ORAL TISSUES Healthy Oral Cavity Healthy Gingiva (normal pink colour)

UNHEALTHY ORAL TISSUES Unhealthy /inflamed gingiva (Swollen,bleeding on probing, red in colour) Macroglossia (Large tongue) Supernumerary Teeth (Additional teeth)

TEETH Most important Intra oral hard tissue Consists of o Enamel o Dentine o Pulp Most important Intra oral hard tissue Consists of o Enamel o Dentine o Pulp

Requirements for Development of an Ideal Dentition Formation of a full complement of teeth. Normal structural development of the dental tissues Eruption of each group of teeth at the appropriate time into an adequate space Normal development of jaw size and relationship Eruption of teeth into correct relationship to occlude with their opposite numbers Formation of a full complement of teeth. Normal structural development of the dental tissues Eruption of each group of teeth at the appropriate time into an adequate space Normal development of jaw size and relationship Eruption of teeth into correct relationship to occlude with their opposite numbers

Disorders of Development of Teeth 1.Abnormalities in Number: o Anodontia or hypodontia o Additional teeth (hyperdontia) 2.Defects of Structure: o Enamel defects o Dentine defects 3.Abnormalities in Size: o Microdontia o Macrodontia 1.Abnormalities in Number: o Anodontia or hypodontia o Additional teeth (hyperdontia) 2.Defects of Structure: o Enamel defects o Dentine defects 3.Abnormalities in Size: o Microdontia o Macrodontia

Disorders of Development of Teeth 4. Disorders of Eruption: o Delayed eruption o Premature eruption o Impacted teeth 5. Abnormalities in Shape: Dilaceration Taurodontism Dens Invaginatus Dens Evaginatus Talon cusp Supernumerary roots Gemination Fusion Concrescence Enamel pearls 4. Disorders of Eruption: o Delayed eruption o Premature eruption o Impacted teeth 5. Abnormalities in Shape: Dilaceration Taurodontism Dens Invaginatus Dens Evaginatus Talon cusp Supernumerary roots Gemination Fusion Concrescence Enamel pearls

Abnormalities In Number Of Teeth 1.Anodontia (missing teeth ): a) Total Anodontia: Congenital absence of all teeth is known as total anodontia. Total failure of development of a complete dentition is rare. b)Partial Anodontia: Congenital absence of one or more teeth is known as partial anodontia Examples: Third molars Second premolars Maxillary lateral incisors 1.Anodontia (missing teeth ): a) Total Anodontia: Congenital absence of all teeth is known as total anodontia. Total failure of development of a complete dentition is rare. b)Partial Anodontia: Congenital absence of one or more teeth is known as partial anodontia Examples: Third molars Second premolars Maxillary lateral incisors

Abnormalities In Number of Teeth 2.HYPERDONTIA (ADDITIONAL TEETH): Additional teeth are relatively common They are usually of conical shape (supernumerary teeth) but, less frequently resemble teeth of normal series (supplemental teeth) These are the results of excessive growth of dental lamina of unknown cause supernumerary teeth may prevent the eruption of the a permanent teeth & also may cause displacement or malposition of teeth EXAMPLES: Mesiodens (between maxillary central incisors) Paramolars (maxillary fourth molars) Distomolar Neonatal teeth 2.HYPERDONTIA (ADDITIONAL TEETH): Additional teeth are relatively common They are usually of conical shape (supernumerary teeth) but, less frequently resemble teeth of normal series (supplemental teeth) These are the results of excessive growth of dental lamina of unknown cause supernumerary teeth may prevent the eruption of the a permanent teeth & also may cause displacement or malposition of teeth EXAMPLES: Mesiodens (between maxillary central incisors) Paramolars (maxillary fourth molars) Distomolar Neonatal teeth

EXAMPLES OF SUPERNUMERARY TEETH Mesiodens

ESSENTIAL REFERENCES Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist (5th Edition) By Olga A. C. Ibsen, RDH, MS and Joan Contemporary for oral and maxillofacial pathology by J.Phillip Sapp, Lewis Roy Eversole Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist (5th Edition) By Olga A. C. Ibsen, RDH, MS and Joan Contemporary for oral and maxillofacial pathology by J.Phillip Sapp, Lewis Roy Eversole