China: 20th Century Political Change

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Presentation transcript:

China: 20th Century Political Change Questions: What type of change occurred? Why the need for change?

Basic Tenets of Confucianism Leaders adhere to high moral standards “Mandate of Heaven” Hierarchical structure in society Leaders well-versed in Confucius principles

Why did the dynastic system collapse?

Political Change – 20th Century 1911 Revolution Three People’s Principles: Nationalism Democracy Equal distribution of wealth (socialism) Sun Yat-sen and KMT

Political Change – 20th Century 1949 Revolution Chiang Kai-shek (KMT) Mao Zedong (CCP) Themes: Nationalism Establish new political system Socioeconomic development

Basic Tenets of Maoism 1. Collectivism 2. Struggle and Activism 3. Mass-line 4. Guardianship 5. Self-Reliance 6. Egalitarianism How does Maoism differ from Confucianism? Similarities?

People’s Republic of China: Periods of Political and Economic History 1949-1957: USSR-PRC Alliance 1958-1976: Mao’s unique “brand” of communism 1978 – Present: Market socialism

Mao’s Mass Mobilization Campaigns Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)

Deng Xiaoping – Four Modernizations (1978-1997) Industry Agriculture Science Military Goal: Create “socialist market economy” – gradual infusion of capitalism into China

Jiang Zemin – Three Represents (2000 – 2003) The CCP should always represent: “Development needs of China’s advanced productive forces” “Onward direction toward advanced culture” “Fundamental interest of majority of Chinese people”

Hu Jintao – Scientific Development Concept (2004-2013) What policies did he pursue during his tenure? Read article.