Russia leaves World War I in 1917 The Russian Revolution Russia leaves World War I in 1917 The Russian Revolution Vs. Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with a great divide between classes. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Czar. This led to revolution…

Causes of the Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution put the Tsar in.... J.A.I.L

Why Was the Russian Tsar Put in J.A.I.L? Causes of the Russian Revolution Causes of the Russian Revolution Nationalism Nationalism Social Injustice Social Injustice Unpopular Methods of Rule Unpopular Methods of Rule Economic Distress Economic Distress

Japan humiliates Russia in Russo-Japanese War J Q: Which causes would make the Russian people want to revolt after the defeat by Japan? Why? J

A lot of military losses in WW I J Q: Which causes would make soldiers in the Russian army want to revolt after large military defeats? Why? A

Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II J Food and fuel shortages – Tsar could NOT help. Q: Which causes would make people want to revolt because of an incompetent tsar and food shortages? Why? I

Landless peasants want land J Peasants worked land they didn’t own. Q: Which causes would make landless peasants want to revolt? Why? L

Who were the Bolsheviks? Means "majority" in Russian Means "majority" in Russian Became the Communist party in Russia Became the Communist party in Russia Promised to improve working conditions for the poor Promised to improve working conditions for the poor The Bolsheviks financed their work by party supported robberies –referred to as “regrettable necessities”. Only individuals or institutions carrying state funds were targeted. The Bolsheviks financed their work by party supported robberies –referred to as “regrettable necessities”. Only individuals or institutions carrying state funds were targeted. The leader of the Bolsheviks was V.I. Lenin The leader of the Bolsheviks was V.I. Lenin “We cannot be guided by the mood of the masses; that is changeable and unaccountable. The masses have given their confidence to the Bolsheviks and ask from them not words but deeds.” (Lenin) “We cannot be guided by the mood of the masses; that is changeable and unaccountable. The masses have given their confidence to the Bolsheviks and ask from them not words but deeds.” (Lenin)

Vladimir Lenin Sent into exile during 1 st Russian Revolution Sent into exile during 1 st Russian Revolution Brought back to Russia by the German government Brought back to Russia by the German government Led “Reds” (Communists) in the Civil War against the “Whites” (anti-Communists) Led “Reds” (Communists) in the Civil War against the “Whites” (anti-Communists) When the Russian Empire collapsed in 1918, Lenin became the 1 st premier of the new Soviet Union in 1922 When the Russian Empire collapsed in 1918, Lenin became the 1 st premier of the new Soviet Union in 1922 Lenin’s party – Bolsheviks/Communists Lenin’s party – Bolsheviks/Communists Lenin believed – Socialism Lenin believed – Socialism Lenin promised – Peace, Land, Bread Lenin promised – Peace, Land, Bread

Lenin’s New Economic Policy A compromise between the ideas of Communism and Capitalism (policy of “war communism” during the Civil War brought Russia’s economy to near collapse) A compromise between the ideas of Communism and Capitalism (policy of “war communism” during the Civil War brought Russia’s economy to near collapse) Allowed some capitalist ventures: state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries; however, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit Allowed some capitalist ventures: state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries; however, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit Government stopped seizing grain from peasants: peasants kept land and freely sold their surplus crops Government stopped seizing grain from peasants: peasants kept land and freely sold their surplus crops Results of NEP: Results of NEP: Helped the Soviet economy recover and ended armed resistance to the new government Helped the Soviet economy recover and ended armed resistance to the new government Food and industrial production climbed back to prewar levels Food and industrial production climbed back to prewar levels Standard of living improved Standard of living improved *Lenin always saw the NEP as just a temporary retreat from Communism. His successor, Joseph Stalin, would return the Soviet Union to “pure” Communism.

Joseph Stalin Stalin defeated Leon Trotsky and took control of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death Stalin defeated Leon Trotsky and took control of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death In the years before World War II, Stalin used ruthless measures to win dictatorial power – more on that to come… In the years before World War II, Stalin used ruthless measures to win dictatorial power – more on that to come…