Latin American Revolution

Agenda Bell Ringer: French Revolution and Congress of Vienna Review with Mr. T. Lecture: Independence in Latin America Part 1 Chart: Latin American Revolutions Primary Source Analysis: Simon Bolivar Revolution from three perspectives Discussion A Symbol of Freedom Objectives

Bell Ringer What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? Who led the meeting? Where was he from? Identify one outcome of the Congress of Vienna. What is Conservatism? What is Liberalism? What is Nationalism? How would these political philosophies impact future world events?

Haiti 500,000 Enslaved Africans They could easily overpower masters, who treated them brutally. 1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture emerges as leader in the Haitian Revolution. French attempt to intervene, and L’Ouverture agrees to stop the revolt if slavery is outlawed. French accuse him of another uprising and he is arrested, dies 10 months later Dessalines finishes where Toussaint began, and Haiti is independent in 1804.

Colonial Society in Latin America Peninsulares Men born in Spain, able to hold high offices. Creoles Spaniards born in Latin America, work as officers in the army. Mestizos Mixed descent, European and Indian ancestry Mulattos Mixed descent, European and African Indians Oppressed minority.

Independence Movement by Creoles Least oppressed, best educated. Adopted Enlightenment ideas from education in Europe. Discontent rises among Creoles, Spain suppresses any revolt. Napoleon actually starts the revolt by removing the Spanish King and putting his brother on the throne in the Peninsular War

End of Spanish Rule in South America Two major generals begin revolt. Simon Bolivar Venezuela declares independence from Spain in Not very successful at first, went into exile twice. 1819, surprised the Spanish Army and won, independence gained by 1821.

Agenda Day 2 1. Bell Ringer: Identify and describe the five major social groups in Latin America during the Independence movement. 2. Lecture: Continuation of Independence in Latin America (20) 3. Finish Chart: Latin American Revolutions (5) 4. Primary Document Interpretation: Miguel Hidalgo (10) 5. Map Activity: A Change in Independence (10) 6. Miguel Hidalgo Image Interpretation (10) 7. Writing Session: My life as a Revolutionary. (15) 8. Objectives (8)

Generals Jose de San Martin Argentina declares independence in Frees Chile by 1817 after marching through the Andes. Peru was the last stronghold, and Bolivar would combine his forces with San Martin. Bolivar stays with troops, and in 1824 they declare independence in Peru. San Martin left his forces with Bolivar and left for France…

Mexico Class system dominates South America, Mexico has more ethnic and racial groups. Indians and Mestizos play a role in the independence movement. Miguel Hidalgo makes the first cry for independence in Priest in Dolores. Began a march towards Mexico City, 60,000 involved. Creoles and Spanish army didn’t like this idea of lower class Revolution so they defeat Manuel Hidalgo’s army in 1811 Firing Squad

Mexico gains Independence Jose Maria Morelos attempts to rally rebel forces after Hidalgo is defeated, Morelos is defeated by Creoles in Creole class begin move towards independence in 1821, fearing a loss of rights. Leading creole attempts to block any independence movement apart from Mexico, but he is overthrown in 1823.

Brazil Oddly enough, this was a peaceful exchange of power. Portuguese King escapes Napoleon’s army by going to Brazil. Creoles play a major role again, asking by petition for independence from Portugal. Dom Pedro takes power, and the Portuguese king agreed to independence.

Impact of Revolution Independence brought an increase in poverty. Why? A united Latin America collapsed with poverty and upheaval. Bolivar’s territories would divide as well as the Provinces of Central America.

Objective Questions for today 1.Who is the major leader of the independence movement in Venezuela? 2.Who would identify as a Peninsulares? 3.Who identifies as a Mestizo? 4.Who identifies as a Creole? 5.Where did Miguel Hidalgo lead his Revolution? 6.How does Napoleon inadvertently aid in several Revolutionary movements in Latin America? 7.Why does Revolution lead to instability in the region? 8.Which independent movement differed from others in the region? Why?