I. The Haitian Revolution
2 A. Revolution in Haiti 1.only successful slave revolt 2.on the Island of Hispaniola – Spanish colony Santo Domingo in east – French colony of Saint-Domingue in west 3.wealthy colony – sugar, coffee, cotton
HISPANIOLA
B. Society in Saint-Domingue 1790: – 40,000 white French settlers – 30,000 gens de couleur (mixed-race, freed) – 500,000 black slaves (many flee to mountains as “maroons”) Did the Declaration of Rights of Man apply to male slaves?
C. The Revolt 1.inspired by American & French revolutions – 500 gens de couleur sent to fight British in America 2.in 1789 white settlers demand self-rule…1791 civil war 3.slaves revolt under Boukman (a Vodou priest) August 14 th, 1791
D. François-Dominique Toussaint ( ) 1.freed slave…renames self Louverture (“the opening”) 2.slave revolt leader in 1791…1801 named Governor for Life : constitution of equality and freed slaves in Santo Domingo
arrested by Napoleon’s forces, died in jail : independence from France & renamed Haiti (1 st black republic) “In overthrowing me, you have done no more than cut down the trunk of the tree of the black liberty in St.Domingue- it will spring back from the roots, for they are numerous and deep.” - Toussaint L’Ouverture
II. Emergence of Ideologies 1.Conservativism – anti-revolutionary change – Edmund Burke (England, ) 2.Liberalism – anti-status quo – manage social change – John Stuart Mill (England, )
9 A. Nations & Nationalism 1. nation: cultural unit based on shared language, customs, values, history 2.“nation” influences political boundaries 3.Types of nationalism: --cultural (Volksgeist: spirit of the people) --political (“unification”)
Europe after the Congress of Vienna
B. National Rebellions 1.Greek independence from Ottoman Turks (1830) 2.“Social” Rebellions of 1848 Causes: – conservative rule – nationalism – socioeconomic problems from Industrial Revolution – “hungry forties”…bad harvests (Irish Potato Famine) – rebels take Vienna; Metternich resigns & flees (“France sneezes & Europe catches a cold…)