BELLWORK What is the difference between Patricians and Plebians? What type of government did Rome have? (what was it a combination of?) How was Rome’s military organized? How could someone obtain citizenship in Rome? What rights did they have as citizens? THINKER: What similarities does the government of Ancient Rome have with America’s government?

Roman Expansion Punic Wars: 264BC-146BC, series of three wars between Rome and the North- African city state of Carthage. Both wanted control of western Mediterranean. Rome was victorious and captured all cities from the Mediterranean to Spain to Asia Minor.

Carthaginian General Hannibal crossing the Alps during the Second Punic War.

Romans attack on Carthage

The Republic in Crisis Rome’s military expansion encompassed multiple countries with no regard to their way of life/culture  REVOLT! Roman officials overtaxed residents  REVOLT! Wealthy Romans acquired large estates and used slaves to work their land – this put small farmers out of their business and homes  REVOLT! Putting down these revolts cost Rome a lot of troops, money, and resources.

Reform In the 50’s BC, Julius Caesar, took over the government and named himself dictator. Expanded empire to Gaul (France) Gave jobs to unemployed, public land to the poor, and citizenship to conquered peoples. Some Romans loved Caesar for his reforms, others saw him as a tyrant who meant to end the republic and make himself king. On March 15, 44 BC, Cesar was assassinated by a group of government officials.

Reform After a period of civil war, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. In the 40 years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: Attacked government corruption Imported food for Rome’s poor Constructed magnificent buildings Begun Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200 years

“I found Rome a city of bricks, and left it a city of marble” -Augustus Caesar

Roman Society: Graphic Organizer In your notes, create a graphic organizer with a row for the following points: Law and Order Trade, Engineering and Science Daily Life Language and Literature The columns will address Roman Society and American Society – since there are a lot of similarities. In your book, read pages73-75 and we will fill in the chart together.

Roman Slavery, Gladiators, and the Spartacus Revolt Even though some Romans had rights, slaves were the lowest class in society. Gladiators were used for personal entertainment. You are now going to complete a worksheet that addresses these groups in Roman society. ½ of the worksheet is review (use pgs. 71 & 72) the other ½ is from the article. Answer the questions on your OWN sheet of paper.