Revolutions

Latin America The French Revolution’s ideas started other revolutions throughout the world The French Revolution’s ideas started other revolutions throughout the world Latin America started its own revolution Latin America started its own revolution

Saint Domingue Toussaint L’Ouverture led the revolt of slaves of Saint Domingue (Haiti) Toussaint L’Ouverture led the revolt of slaves of Saint Domingue (Haiti)

Latin America Jean-Jacques Dessalines led a revolt in Haiti becoming the first independent country Jean-Jacques Dessalines led a revolt in Haiti becoming the first independent country

Latin America Peninsulares-Men born in Spain; top of the social ladder Peninsulares-Men born in Spain; top of the social ladder Creoles-Spaniards born in Latin America; 2 nd on the social ladder Creoles-Spaniards born in Latin America; 2 nd on the social ladder Mestizos-Mixed European and Native blood Mestizos-Mixed European and Native blood Mulattos-Mixed European and African Mulattos-Mixed European and African Native Americans-Bottom of the social ladder Native Americans-Bottom of the social ladder

Latin America Creoles were educated and a part of the middle class Creoles were educated and a part of the middle class When Napoleon took over Spain, they did follow the French, but believed the power went to the people When Napoleon took over Spain, they did follow the French, but believed the power went to the people When the Spanish king came back, they did not follow him When the Spanish king came back, they did not follow him

Latin America Creoles were led by Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin Creoles were led by Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

Latin America Bolivar led Venezuela into independence Bolivar led Venezuela into independence He lost in the beginning (exiled 2 times) He lost in the beginning (exiled 2 times) He finally won a great victory in Bogota He finally won a great victory in Bogota

Latin America Martin led Argentina to independence in 1816 Martin led Argentina to independence in 1816 Then, he freed Chile Then, he freed Chile He joined with Bolivar He joined with Bolivar

Latin America Bolivar wins in Peru at the Battle of Ayacucho winning the Spanish colonies independence Bolivar wins in Peru at the Battle of Ayacucho winning the Spanish colonies independence

Latin America Padre Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos, started the Mexico’s rebellion against Spain in 1810 Padre Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos, started the Mexico’s rebellion against Spain in 1810 Mestizos were the largest population in Mexico and led the rebellion Mestizos were the largest population in Mexico and led the rebellion They lost They lost

Latin America Agustin de Iturbide made peace with the rebels and declared independence from Spain Agustin de Iturbide made peace with the rebels and declared independence from Spain He became emperor of Mexico He became emperor of Mexico

Brazil Independence Brazil was the only country to have a bloodless revolution and Portugal granted their independence Brazil was the only country to have a bloodless revolution and Portugal granted their independence

Groups Liberals – wanted change and are usually workers; wanted a republican government Liberals – wanted change and are usually workers; wanted a republican government Conservatives- did not want change and are usually nobles; wanted a monarchy Conservatives- did not want change and are usually nobles; wanted a monarchy

Europe Revolutions In Europe, many people followed the French Revolution ideas and revolted In Europe, many people followed the French Revolution ideas and revolted

Europe Revolutions Greece was the first country to revolt against the Ottomans and with help became independent Greece was the first country to revolt against the Ottomans and with help became independent A great poet, Lord Byron became very famous during this time and helped the Greek cause A great poet, Lord Byron became very famous during this time and helped the Greek cause

Europe Revolutions In 1848, following Greece, many other countries revolted In 1848, following Greece, many other countries revolted Poland, Belgium, Hungary, and Bohemia revolted against the monarchy Poland, Belgium, Hungary, and Bohemia revolted against the monarchy They all failed They all failed

European Revolutions France got a monarchy back after Napoleon (Louis XVIII, his son Charles X, and Louis-Philippe) France got a monarchy back after Napoleon (Louis XVIII, his son Charles X, and Louis-Philippe) France revolted and established the Second Republic France revolted and established the Second Republic

Europe Revolutions Louis-Napoleon became president, then like his uncle Napoleon became emperor of France calling himself Napoleon III Louis-Napoleon became president, then like his uncle Napoleon became emperor of France calling himself Napoleon III

Italy Nationalism from the French Revolution started the unification of Italy Nationalism from the French Revolution started the unification of Italy

Italy Giuseppe Mazzini- Italian nationalist who led the group called the Young Italians; one of the many failed revolutions of 1848 Giuseppe Mazzini- Italian nationalist who led the group called the Young Italians; one of the many failed revolutions of 1848

Italy The Kingdom of Italy in the north was led by King Victor Emmanuel II The Kingdom of Italy in the north was led by King Victor Emmanuel II He put Count Camillo di Cavour in charge and Cavour expanded the kingdom with militarism and alliances to cover northern Italy He put Count Camillo di Cavour in charge and Cavour expanded the kingdom with militarism and alliances to cover northern Italy

Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi- led a group called the Red Shirts united southern Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi- led a group called the Red Shirts united southern Italy He then gave southern Italy to Emmanuel II = Unification of Italy He then gave southern Italy to Emmanuel II = Unification of Italy

Italy Italian forces then took over the Papal States and Venice Italian forces then took over the Papal States and Venice

Germany Nationalism from the French Revolution also started German unification Nationalism from the French Revolution also started German unification

Germany Wilhelm I took over Prussia which was the most powerful country of Germans Wilhelm I took over Prussia which was the most powerful country of Germans

Germany Otto von Bismarck was given power by Wilhelm Otto von Bismarck was given power by Wilhelm Using war against Denmark and Austria, Prussia under Bismarck won ending Austria’s power over the Germans Using war against Denmark and Austria, Prussia under Bismarck won ending Austria’s power over the Germans Bismarck would use Realpolitik which means by any means neccessary Bismarck would use Realpolitik which means by any means neccessary

Germany Germany then went to war against France because of the EMS telegram and took Alsace-Lorraine Germany then went to war against France because of the EMS telegram and took Alsace-Lorraine France and Germany would hate each other France and Germany would hate each other Wilhelm I became Kaiser of the united Germany = 2 nd Reich Wilhelm I became Kaiser of the united Germany = 2 nd Reich

Nation-States A Nation-state is a country that has a common language, religion, history, and ethnicity A Nation-state is a country that has a common language, religion, history, and ethnicity

The Austrian Empire Austria was made up of many different nationalities

The Ottoman Empire

The Specifics 40 Million People, But… “Sick Man of Europe” “Young Turks” Movement Dismemberment Began Hot Spot – the Balkans

Balkans Russia and Austria will fight over the Balkans after the Ottoman Empire loses control

1908 – Balkan League Balkan Wars in 1912 and 1913 led by Serbia “Powder Keg” of Europe

Growth of the Empire