Latin American People Gain Independence

Which situation helped cause the change reflected on these maps of South America?

A Call for Change •The countries of Spain and Portugal controlled most of Latin American for almost 300 years. •The people of Latin America grew restless and were tired of being controlled by the Europeans. They wanted to be free. •Revolutions in America and France encouraged the people of Latin America to fight for their freedom.

THE FREEDOM fighters

Toussaint L’ Ouverture NAME: Toussaint L'Ouverture BIRTH DATE: c. 1743 DEATH DATE: April 07, 1803 PLACE OF BIRTH: Breda, Haiti PLACE OF DEATH: Fort-de-Joux, France Full Name: François Dominique Toussaint AKA: Toussaint L'Ouverture

Revolution in HAITI Why did they rebel? What Happened? Nearly 500,000 enslaved Africans worked on French plantations, and they outnumbered their masters dramatically. White masters used brutal methods to terrorize them and keep them powerless Toussaint L’Ouverture led enslaved Africans in a revolt against the French that ended slavery and resulted in the new nation of Haiti.

Simon Bolivar “George Washington of South America” NAME: Simon Bolivar OCCUPATION:, Political Leader, Military General BIRTH DATE: July 24, 1798 DEATH DATE: December 17, 1830 PLACE OF BIRTH: Caracas, Venezuela PLACE OF DEATH: Santa Marta, Colombia Full Name: Simón José Antonio de la Santísma Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios AKA: Simon Bolivar

Revolution in SOUTH AMERICA (Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia) Why did they rebel? What Happened? Bolivar was a Creole general. Creoles could not hold government positions. Believed in a democratic government (influenced by democratic ideals) Bolívar led over 2,000 soldiers on a daring march through Spanish controlled South America, and helped many countries gain independence. * The country of Bolivia is named after Simon Bolivar.

Panama Venezuela Colombia Ecuador Peru Bolivia

Miguel Hidalgo (Father of Mexican Independence) NAME: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla OCCUPATION: Activist,, Political Leader, Priest BIRTH DATE: May 08, 1753 DEATH DATE: July 31, 1811 PLACE OF BIRTH: Guanajuato, Mexico PLACE OF DEATH: Chihuahua, Mexico

Revolution in Mexico Why did they rebel? What Happened? . Spaniards (Creoles and Peninsulares) oppressed and mistreated Mexicans (Indians and Mestizos) for generations and Hidalgo (a Creole Priest) wanted to stop them. For freedom and democracy. ( influenced by democratic ideals). Cry of Dolores- Rang the bells of a church in Dolores, and declared an open revolt against the Spanish. With more than 80,000 Indian and mestizo followers, Hidalgo led a revolt against the Spanish. Hidalgo was not successful, however, his movement continued until Mexico finally won its independence 11 years later.

How was the Haitian Revolution different from revolutions in the rest of Latin America? Revolution was led by an enslaved African. The revolutions in the rest of Latin America were led by Creoles. Revolution was against the French.