______________________ ____________________ Ch 14, 23 and 15 Due __________ The work I am submitting is my own. ______________________ ____________________ Printed Name Signature Ch 14 Food & Soil Resources Vocabulary Perennials Polyculture Monoculture Croplands Rangelands Ocean fisheries Annuals Industrialized agriculture Traditional agriculture Subsistence Intensive Plantation agriculture Green revolution Land degradation Erosion Desertification Salinization Waterlogging Soil Conservation p. 272 Why are they researching this type of polyculture in Kansas?

Chapter 14 HW Questions List four major types of agriculture. Evaluate the green revolution. What were its successes? Its failures? Summarize the benefits and problems of livestock production over the history of agriculture. 3. Define interplanting, and explain its advantages. List and briefly describe four types of interplanting commonly used by traditional farmers. 4. Summarize the state of global food production. Define malnutrition, undernutrition, and overnutrition. Indicate how many people on Earth suffer from these problems and where these problems are most likely to occur. 5. Discuss the use of genetic engineering techniques to improve the human food supply. 6. Describe the problems of soil erosion and desertification. Describe both world and U.S. situations, and explain why most people are unaware of this problem. 7. Describe the problems of salinization and waterlogging of soils and how they can be controlled. (Figures 14-11 and 12) 8. Define soil conservation. List five ways to approach the problem of soil erosion. Be sure to distinguish between conventional-tillage and conservation-tillage farming. Describe a plan to maintain soil fertility. Be sure to distinguish between organic and inorganic fertilizers. 9. Summarize environmental impacts from agriculture. 10. Summarize food distribution problems. Describe the possibilities of increasing world food production by increasing crop yields, cultivating more land, and using unconventional foods and perennial crops. 11. Discuss problems associated with the production of livestock on rangeland.(packet) 12. Describe trends in the world fish catch since 1950. Assess the potential for increasing the annual fish catch and use of aquaculture. 13. Assess the pros and cons of agricultural subsidies and international food relief. Describe strategies that you feel would be most sustainable. 14. Define sustainable agriculture. Summarize how the United States could move toward creating a more sustainable agricultural system.

How important is food production in the U.S.? 4% 2% 6% 5% Crops Livestock Food processing Food distribution and preparation 17% of total US commercial energy use Food production Figure 14-6 Page 278

p. 283 Soil Salinization Prevention Cleanup Transpiration Evaporation Waterlogging Less permeable clay layer Soil Salinization Prevention Cleanup

Figure 14-18 Major Environmental Effects of Food Production

What are some environmental effects of meat production? What are genetically modified foods? Are there other things we can do to increase food production? Expand Green revolution? New foods? More irrigation? Use urban areas? Waste less? What are some environmental effects of meat production? How about more fish and shellfish?

BIOLOGICALLY MAGNIFIED? Chapter 23 Vocabulary Pest Pesticide 1st generation pesticide 2nd generation pesticide Persistence Pesticide treadmill FIFRA Dirty Dozen (POP’s) Biological pest control Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Table 23-1 Major Types of Pesticides TYPE EXAMPLES PERSISTENCE BIOLOGICALLY MAGNIFIED? Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Fumigants

My favorite pest: __________________ Chapter 23 Objectives (Make charts where possible) 1.List the five types of pesticides and what they are used to treat. 2.List five common household pests and two ways to control them other than using pesticides. 3.List the five major classes of pesticides. (Chart) 4.Compare contact and systemic herbicides. 5.Give three reasons to use pesticides. List five characteristics of the ideal pesticide. 6.Describe the consequences of relying heavily on pesticides. Describe the pesticide treadmill. Be sure to describe biological magnification. Briefly describe the threat of pesticides to wildlife and human health. 7.Name the U.S. law that controls pesticide regulation. Give three reasons why this law is considered the weakest and most poorly enforced of the environmental laws. Summarize how the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act extends this law. 8.List and briefly describe three alternative pest management strategies. 9.Define integrated pest management. Analyze the pros and cons of using IPM. List three steps that could be taken to help promote IPM. My favorite pest: __________________ Likes: ___________________________ Dislikes: _________________________ In a relationship? ______________________________ _____________________________________________ Likes to hang out: ______________________________ Best way to control or manage: ____________________

Groundwater Water table Riparian Aquifer Recharge Drought Ch 15 Water Resources p.305 Vocabulary Watershed Runoff Groundwater Water table Riparian Aquifer Recharge Drought Diversion Irrigation What are some of the potential sources of conflict over water in the Mid-east? p.305

All water Fresh Water Readily accessible fresh water Figure 15-2 p. 307 Figure 15-3 p. 308 Groundwater System

Distinguish between riparian rights and prior appropriation Chapter 15 HW Questions Briefly describe Earth’s water supply. Compare freshwater and water available for human use. (Figure 15-2) Summarize water use in the United States and the world. 3. List four causes of water scarcity. Assess the significance of water resources for international relations. 4. List five ways to increase the water supply. List advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. 5. Describe the role of groundwater in supplying freshwater. 6. Assess our current use of groundwater: Is it sustainable use? 7. Determine which principles are best illustrated by the Ogallala Aquifer experience. 8. State the percentage of water wasted throughout the world. Briefly describe measures that can be taken to reduce water losses through irrigation, industry, and home use. 9. Describe the history of the development of the Columbia River Basin. Summarize the lessons learned from the problems that were generated and the plans to address those problems. 10. Describe the pieces that contribute to a picture of sustainable water use. Distinguish between riparian rights and prior appropriation as to the regulation of water use.

Project Purpose Results Colorado River 3 Gorges Dam Mono Lake James Bay Aral Sea Water Diversion Projects (also in Lab 14)

to minimize the risks of flooding to minimize the risks of flooding. What key principles are illustrated by this case study? List and describe four ways humans control flooding. Evaluate which of these strategies is likely to have the best long-term results. List three ways that humans contribute to flooding. List four strategies humans employ Figure15-24 p. 327