Unit 22 Environmental Protection Lesson 1 Global Warming PeriodII Grammar

In this lesson, we ’ ll be able to 1. understand the structure of reporting. 2. practise using reporting verbs to report short dialogues.

Structure 1

A terrible earthquake happened at 2:00 this afternoon in Sichun. Did you watch the 7:00 news? No. What happened? It was reported that a terrible earthquake had happened in Sichun. Lead in The girl is reporting what the woman said in the news.

I am paid too little!

Did you hear what Mr Li said? No. What did he say? He complained that he was paid too little. The young man is reporting what the other man said on the phone.

It was reported that a terrible earthquake had happened in Sichun. He complained that he was paid too little. These are reporting ( 转述 ). Have you found the similarity of the two sentences? … reported that… … complained that…

Reporting 2 Gases pumped into the Earth’s atmosphere have been speeding up the process of global warming. 1.Scientists have reported that 1.Scientists have reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth ’ s climate. to claim that

5 Global warming will cause dramatic climate changes including more frequent floods, heat waves, and droughts. 3 Global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century. to believe that to insist that 4 Global warming is mostly due to human activities. to warn that

Use the verb in brackets to report the following sentences. Practice 1 1.Julia: The wave seemed to crash our car. (said) 2. Roddy: I really want to a director. (admitted) 3. Juddy: I acted in my first hollywood film. (cried)

Practice 1 1.Julia: The wave seems to crash our car. (said) 2. Roddy: I really want to be a director.(admitted) 3. Juddy: Julia said that the wave seemed to crash their car. Roddy admitted that he really wanted to be a director. I’m the best student in this school ! Juddy boasted that he/she is the best student in that school.

Summary 1 Verb+that: 动词 +that ( 即： that 引导的宾语从句 ) 用于这种结构的常见动词： admit, agree, believe, claim, complain, declare, explain, insist, suggest, warn, remind, boast….

Structure 2

You’d better go to the presentation Practice 2

What Miss Sun talk to you? She suggested going to the presentation.

Use the verb in brackets to report the following sentences. Practice 2 1.Lily: We’d better go for a walk. (suggested) 2.Susan: I didn’t cheat at examinations.(denied) Shall we have a cup of tea? (Suggested) 3. Rose: Shall we have a cup of tea? (Suggested) Lily suggested going for a walk. Susan denied cheating at examinations. Rose suggested having/that we should have a cup of tea.

Summary 2 Verb+“-ing” form: 动词 + 动词 “-ing” 形式 用于这种结构的常见动词： suggest, deny, admit….

Structure 3

please do not proceed beyond rail Did you hear what the policeman said ? No. What did he say? He warned you not to proceed beyond rail. Practice 3

Match the sentences with appropriate reporting verbs from the list. Then write the reported sentences. forbid, invite,order 1. Why don’t you drop in tonight? 2. Stand up immediately! 3. You can’t use your dictionaries during the test. He /She/They invited me to drop in tonight. He /She/They ordered me to stand up immediately. He /She/They forbade us to use our dictionaries during the test. Practice 3

Summary 3 Verb+Sb. to do sth. 动词 + 不定式短语 用于这种结构的常见动词： advise, order, invite, forbid, ask, tell warn ….

Dialogues Report the dialogues using the reporting verbs given. agree, complain, suggest, insist Bill: I’m so fed up with washing-up. Why can’t we buy a dishwasher? Claire: OK, but the washing-up will still be your job!

Bill complained that he was fed up with washing-up and suggested buying a dishwasher. Claire agreed but insisted that the washing-up would still be his job. Sample for Dialogue 1

Dialogue 2 advise, wonder, admit, explain Tina: Why do you always wear black? Jill: I think it suits me, but it’s true, perhaps it’s a bit dull. Tina: If I were you, I’d wear brighter colours.

Dialogue 3 refuse, beg, warn, offer David: Please, please help me revise for my biology test! Chris: Sorry, I can’t help you today, but I can tomorrow. Just don’t expect me to know everthing!

Keys to dialogues 2&3 2. Tina wondered why Jill always wore black. Jill explained that she thought it suited her but she admitted that it might look a bit dull. Tina advised her not wear brighter colours. 3. David begged Chris to help him revise for his biology test. Chris refused to do it that day but offered to help him the following day. He warned David not to expect him to know everything.

Use the following verbs to report the two dialogues. (Ex 9 on P7) a)admit,advise,promise,warn Tom: I don ’ t think you should play the game today,John. John: You ’ re right.I ’ m still a little bit ill, but I promise I won ’ t overdo it. Tom advised John not to play the game today. John admitted that Tom was right because he was a little bit ill. He promised not to overdo it. a little bit ill. He promised not to overdo it. 选做

Tom: Be careful.If you yun around too much in this weather you may get another attack of the “flu”. Tom warned John to be careful because if he ran aound too much in the weather he might get another attack of the flu.

b) accuse, beg, complain,deny, explain,refuse Daughter:Mum,please, will you buy me this CD? I’ve always wanted it. Mother: Sarah,you know I can’t afford it. Why do you always ask me to buy you expensive things? Sarah begged her mother to buy her the CD because she always wanted it. Her mother refused and explained that she couldn’t afford it. She complained that her daughter was always asking her to buy her expensive things

The daughter denied this. She accused her mother of never buying her the things she wanted but only the things her mother liked. Daughter: That’s not ture. You just never buy me things that I want,only buy me things that I want,only those that you like! those that you like!

Homework Ex 1 ， 2 On P52

SUMMARY 转述结构中， 用连词 that 引导宾 语从句时，从句中的人称, 时态, 指示代 词, 时间状语, 地点状语等相应变化. 附加材料：

转述前 转述后 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时 The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.” The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth. 注 : 直接引语若是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变.

直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 地点状语 方向性动词 this, that, these those now,then,todaythat day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days agofour days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day next month the next month here there come, go,bringtake

Direct Speech Indirect Speech She asked, “Have you seen the film?” She asked me whether\if I had seen the film. He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?” He asked John if\whether he was a doctor. She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?” She asked us where we were going to get off. He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?” He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

SUMMARY 直接引语是一般疑问句, 变为 间接引语时, 用连词 if 或 whether 连 接。 直接引语是特殊疑问句, 变为 间接引语时, 仍用原来的疑问词作 连词来引导。

解题步骤 : 1. 陈述句 : “I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah said to her friendsthat I don’t like computers. said didn’t she Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

2. 一般疑问句 : Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) They asked him if It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. askediswas They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

3. 特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ) They asked himWhen you harvest the wheat you harvest the wheat. he harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat.