US Becoming a World Power The call for imperialism. Economic factors. Economic factors. Nationalism factors. Nationalism factors. Military factors. Military factors. Humanitarianism factors. Humanitarianism factors.

Economic Factors For Expansion. Expand markets & acquire new raw materials. US industry over production for domestic markets. US industry over production for domestic markets. European imperial model. European imperial model. Closing of the American frontier (the turner thesis). Closing of the American frontier (the turner thesis). Supported by Henry Cabot lodge & T.R. America could restore its pioneer spirit through expansion.

Nationalism Factors for US Expansion Everyone else is doing it. Anglo-saxonism. Belief in Aryan superiority. Belief in Aryan superiority. Chinese exclusion act. Chinese exclusion act. Manifest destiny. Manifest destiny.

Military Factors For Expansion. Protecting American security. Alfred T. Mahan’s 1881 book “the influence of sea power upon history, ”. Alfred T. Mahan’s 1881 book “the influence of sea power upon history, ”. Modern navy to protect modern trade.

Military Factors For Expansion. Advances in military technology made US and European military superior to African & Asian. New military required bases around the world. In 1880 the US navy was a few leftover rusty civil war vessels. In 1880 the US navy was a few leftover rusty civil war vessels. By 1900 the US navy was transformed into on of the most powerful in the world. By 1900 the US navy was transformed into on of the most powerful in the world.

Humanitarian Factors for Expansion Missionaries spread Western civilization Western civilizationLawMedicineChristianity

Call for expansion

Expansion and the Monroe Doctrine US is neutral in European affairs. Other nations need not interfere in the western hemisphere Seward purchases Alaska. Hope US on both sides of Canada would force British out of Canada (western hemisphere). Hope US on both sides of Canada would force British out of Canada (western hemisphere). Seward purchases Alaska

US Expansion in the Pacific Perry sails to Japan. New trade open in east. New trade open in east. US signs treaty improving trade with china. US annexation of midway islands- need for refueling stations in pacific. US annexation of midway islands- need for refueling stations in pacific. Perry Sails to Japan

Monroe Doctrine in the Americas 1870 president grant announces the Monroe doctrine would protect Latin America nations from transfer of European power. US plays active diplomatic role in the region.

The Monroe Doctrine Put to the Test The United States Flexes its muscle in the region 1891 Chile 1891 Chile Two US sailors killed in dispute while on shore leave in Chile US demands and get payment of $75,000 US demands and get payment of $75, Brazil Brazil. US send naval ships to Brazil to protect US shipping during Brazil’s rebellion. Great Britain Great Britain US forces Great Britain into arbitration over disputed territory with Venezuela.

The Spanish American War Setting the stage for war. Setting the stage for war. Cuban rebellion. Cuban rebels had been fighting with Spain on and off since Cuban rebels had been fighting with Spain on and off since Spain decides to crush rebel force. Spain decides to crush rebel force. Spain forces hundreds of thousands of Cuban civilians on concentration camps. Disease and starvation took some 200,000 lives. Disease and starvation took some 200,000 lives. The Spanish American War

Forces For American Intervention in Cuba Yellow press. Joseph Pulitzer. Joseph Pulitzer. William Randolph Hearst. William Randolph Hearst. Publishers compete to sell papers in NY. American business interests. American business interests. Rebels attack American sugar plantation. Business pressures government for intervention. Business pressures government for intervention.

Forces For American Intervention in Cuba The militarist. The militarist. Theodore Roosevelt. Henry Cabot lodge. Admiral Mahan. The Delome letter. The Delome letter. President McKinley is a wiener. The battleship Maine. The battleship Maine. Spain was blamed in the press when the US ship sinks in Havana harbor.

The War Preparation is made for the Philippines. TR as assistant secretary of navy felt the Philippines were key to protect US trade with Asia. TR as assistant secretary of navy felt the Philippines were key to protect US trade with Asia. TR directed admiral dewy to attack Spanish fleet in the Philippines if war broke out with Spain.

McKinley Asks Congress for Declaration of War. With pressure mounting from the press McKinley make a last effort at peace. Spain must: Spain must: Provide compensation for the Maine End the concentration camps in Cuba End the concentration camps in Cuba Recognize Cuban independence. Spain does all but last item. Spain does all but last item. McKinley asks and receives declaration of war.

The War Is on. 1 st action takes place in Philippines not Cuba In a surprise attack dewy destroys the entire Spanish fleet in the Philippines. In a surprise attack dewy destroys the entire Spanish fleet in the Philippines. US traps Spanish fleet in Cuba in the Santiago harbor. US traps Spanish fleet in Cuba in the Santiago harbor. The Spanish try to escape but every ship is sunk.

The Spanish American War

“It’s a Splendid Little War” Fewer than 400 US soldiers die in battle ( 2,500 total most from disease and food poisoning). TR and the rough riders become national hero's

The Treaty of Paris The united states officially enters into the imperialism business. Many were opposed – a nation built on the principle of liberty cannot deprive other of have it. Many were opposed – a nation built on the principle of liberty cannot deprive other of have it. The imperialist win and the treaty is ratified allowing the US annexation of: The imperialist win and the treaty is ratified allowing the US annexation of:CubaPhilippines Puerto Rico Guam Guam

New Challenges After the War The Philippines President McKinley’s arguments for annexation: Filipinos were unfit for self- government. Filipinos were unfit for self- government. Independence would bring anarchy. Independence would bring anarchy. European powers would try to seize the islands. European powers would try to seize the islands. The Filipinos fought a three- year war for independence. The Philippines did not gain complete independence until Cuba President McKinley installed a military government to protect American business interests. Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement. The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment. The Platt Amendment remained in place until It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary.

United States Acquisitions and Annexations

A little Quiz Which of the following was a reason President McKinley stated for the annexation of the Philippines? (A)The United States needed raw materials from the Philippines. (B)McKinley believed that the Filipinos could not govern themselves. (C)McKinley believed that if the United States fought for it, they should own it. (D)McKinley was concerned that granting independence would damage his public image. How did the United States defend the Monroe Doctrine? (A)By forcing the British to go to arbitration over their dispute with Venezuela (B)By demolishing Spain’s navy (C)By annexing the Philippines (D)By winning the Spanish-American War