Ancient Greece Chapter 7 Review

Geography Mainland Greece is ________________ It is made of three ________________;two are smaller and joined together by an __________ to create a larger ________________. The __________ Sea is to the west of Greece, the _______________Sea is to the east, and the __________________ Sea to the south. Although Greece’s soil is _________ and made it difficult to farm, they could grow some _________, and a lot of _____________ and _______________.

Geography Mainland Greece is mountainous. It is made of three peninsulas; two are smaller and joined together by an isthmus to create a larger peninsula. The Ionian Sea is to the west of Greece, the Aegean Sea is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Although Greece’s soil is rocky and this made it difficult to farm, they could grow some wheat, and a lot of grapes and olives.

Minoans The earliest Greeks were the _____________ who lived on the island of ___________. The capital was _____________. The Minoans were great ______and ________. Either because of a massive ____________ or because of an ________________, the ____________ took over as the most important Greeks.

Minoans The earliest Greeks were the Minoans who lived on the island of Crete. The capital was Knossos. The Minoans were great sailors and traders. Either because of a massive earthquake or because of an invasion the Mycenaeans took over as the most important Greeks.

City-States An ___________ or open marketplace was also the place of the government buildings. Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be __________, __________, and _______________. Regardless of your city-state, the soldiers were called______________ and fought in a ______________ formation. The Greek name for city-state is ____________.

City-States An agora or open marketplace was also the place of the government buildings. Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be free, born in the city-state and own land. Regardless of you city-state, the soldiers were called hoplites and fought in a phalanx formation. The Greek name for city-state is polis.

Types of Government A _____________ is led by a king or queen. An ____________ is where a few people ( usually upper class) hold power over a larger group. A ______________ is ruled by a ___________ who took over power by force ( usually with the support of the lower class) A ____________ is where all citizens share power. Sparta was an __________________, even though they had two ___________, Athens was a ______________.

Types of Government A monarchy is lead by a king or queen. An oligarchy is where a few people ( usually upper class) hold power over a larger group. A tyranny is ruled by a tyrant who took over power by force ( usually with the support of the lower class) A democracy is where all citizens share power. Sparta was an oligarchy, even though they had two kings. Athens was a democracy.

Sparta Spartan slaves, called _____________, did all the farming. The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the Spartan had the biggest _________ to control the slaves. Boys started training at age ________, became soldiers at ___________, and served until age ______. Spartan girls participated in _____________ training and had more freedom than ___________ women. The council of Spartan elders, or ___________, thought up the laws.

Sparta Spartan slaves, called helots did all the farming. The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the Spartan had the biggest army to control the slaves. Boys started training at age 7 became soldiers at 18 and served until age 60. Spartan girls participated in physical training and had more freedom than Athenian women. The council of Spartan elders, or ephors thought up the laws.

Persian Wars King ___________ of Persia wanted to punish the _______________ for helping the Ionians rebel. The first fight, the _________ of ______________, was a victory for the Greeks. The next Persian king, _________, came back _____years later to invade Greece with ___________ soldiers. The Spartans led at the battle of ______________ in a narrow ____________ pass. Even though all __________ Spartans died, they gave the Greeks enough time to ______________.

Persian Wars King Darius of Persia wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the Ionians rebel. The first fight, the Battle of Marathon was a victory for the Greeks. The next Persian king, Xerxes came back 10 years later to invade Greece with 300,000 soldiers. The Spartans led at the battle of Thermopylae in a narrow mountain pass. Even though all 300 Spartans died, they gave the Greeks enough time to retreat.

Persian Wars The Persians ___________ Athens. At ____________, the Greeks used their faster, smaller __________to defeat the _____________. The final battle at __________ was again led by the _______________. The Persian Wars __________ the Greeks against a common enemy.

Persian Wars The Persians burned Athens. At Salamis the Greeks used their faster, smaller triremes to defeat the Persians The final battle at Plataea was again led by the Spartans. The Persian Wars united the Greeks against a common enemy.

Pericles/Golden Age Athens formed the ___________ ___________ with other city-states as a defense against the Persians. Sparta formed the ______________ _____________ ________________ was elected General of Athens. He rebuilt the ________________, strengthened ___________________, and made the _________ __________ to the sea. Athens was still a ___________ democracy during Pericles’ time. The ______________ _________ was a time of great invention and expansion of Athens

Pericles/Golden Age Athens formed the Delian League with other city- states as a defense against the Persians. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League Pericles was elected General of Athens. He rebuilt the Parthenon strengthened democracy and made the long walls to the sea. Athens was still a direct democracy during Pericles’s time. The Golden Age was a time of great invention and expansion of Athens

Peloponnesian War This war lasted __________ years and the two sides were headed by _________ and ____________. The Pericles’ speech known as the ____________ _____________ gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting. Athens retreated behind its __________ but a ____________ struck, killing 1/3 of the people including _____________. Spartans made a deal with _________ for money to build ____________. Sparta defeated _____________, but all of Greece was______________.

Peloponnesian War This war lasted 27 years and the two sides were headed by Sparta and Athens. The Pericles’ speech known as the Funeral Oration gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting. Athens retreated behind its walls but a plague struck, killing 1/3 of the people including Pericles. Spartans made a deal with Persia for money to build ships. Sparta defeated Athens, but all of Greece was weakened.