Same pictures these have labels Human Reproduction Same pictures these have labels

The female reproductive system The female reproduction system produces the female gamete (egg) and protects the developing embryo / foetus

The male reproductive system The male reproduction system produces and delivers the male gamete (sperm) link to interactive diagram at Kid’sHealth Seminal Vesicle Sperm Duct Side view

Sperm is made in testes Travels down sperm duct Mixed with seminal fluid at prostrate

Growth & Puberty Growth is a characteristic of all living things During puberty the reproductive systems mature After puberty a human is called an adult link to animation at bbc.co.uk

The menstrual cycle 28 day cycle in the female link to animation 28 day cycle in the female Controlled by chemicals called hormones An egg is produced, and the womb develops a thick lining of blood vessels to be prepared for pregnancy If the egg is not fertilised, the lining leaves the womb – menstruation – and the cycle begins again

Stages in the menstrual cycle 28 day cycle Approx. days 1 - 5 Menstruation – loss of uterus lining and unfertilised egg 5 - 13 Repair of uterus lining 14 Release of egg from ovary 14 - 28 Build up of lining of uterus

Fertile period in the menstrual cycle The egg is, usually, released around Day 14 of a 28 day cycle Fertilisation is possible for several days around this time

link to ‘how stuff works’ animation Sexual intercourse Millions of sperm are transferred in a fluid called semen…they immediately begin swimming towards the single egg cell link to ‘how stuff works’ animation

Fertilisation Occurs when a male gamete (sperm) fuses with the female gamete (egg) to form a zygote Also referred to as conception Sperm + egg = zygote

Fertilisation Fertilisation usually happens in the fallopian tube A fertilised egg – zygote - then moves down into the wall of the uterus / womb

Pregnancy a zygote undergoes cell division and develops within the womb into a foetus over 40 weeks the foetus develops all its human features It develops inside a protective sac of fluid It receives food via a blood supply in the placenta link to animation

Placenta Exchange and filter system where embryo gets nutrients from mothers blood without the 2 bloods mixing

Birth Link to birth animation After about 40 weeks, when the baby is fully developed, the following happens: The sac of protective fluid breaks open The muscles of the uterus / womb contract very strongly to push the baby out After the baby is born, the placenta is also pushed out of the womb The umbilical cord between baby and placenta is cut Links to an animation – may be slow to load…

Contraception Main methods of preventing conception: Chemical - prevention of gamete formation e.g. the Pill Physical barrier – preventing the gametes from meeting e.g. condom Timing – avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of the menstrual cycle

Find the answers: Why are human babies born so “helpless” compared to some animal babies? Why are human babies’ heads so big in comparison to their bodies? What are conjoined twins and how do they occur? What is foetal alcohol syndrome ?

H/W P84 Q7-10