Unit 2 – Principles of Health and Social Care Understand the theories that underpin health and social care practice

Lesson Objectives Introduce theories of health and social care Use explanations for the characteristics and circumstances of individuals to explain their growth Analyse one theory in relation to yourself and development

What are theories? A set of related ideas Help make sense of society and phenomena's They structure and organise what we do and why Different types Human growth and development Managing loss and change Managing stress and behaviour

Human growth and development Bronfenbrenner’s theory of ecological development Jean Piaget’s (1936) theory of cognitive development B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990) Behaviourism Albert Bandura (1977) Social learning theory Erik Erikson model of life stage development

Human growth and development These theories are comprised with scientific understanding of biology, psychology and sociology. Used to aid understanding on human life course. Understanding timelines help to understand why people do things and how best to support them. Socialisation influences our understanding of the world and behaviour.

Think about our own life course

John’s Case Study Read through the case study Taking note of any human developments Keep these and we will review throughout the lesson

Bronfenbrenner’s theory of ecological development

Ecological theory focuses on the impact that environment plays on the growth and development of an individual. The Microsystem - refers to the environment in which an individual lives. This system includes family members, peers, religious communities, neighbourhoods and others whom the individual has regular interaction and direct contact with. It is a system in which an individual encounters the most social interactions, they are helping to create and construct the experiences they have. The Mesosystem - is the interactions between the microsystems. The mesosystem could include experiences at home related to experiences at school, or experiences at school related to experiences at church. Much like the microsystem, the individual is not simply observing the things happening to them, but are playing an active role in helping create the experiences they have.

The Exosystem - is a system in which the individual plays no role in the construction of experiences, but these experiences have a direct impact on the microsystems the individual is part of. An example of this could include a husband being laid off and this lack of employment having a direct impact on the family's financial state and living. The Macrosystem - is influenced greatly by the culture and society in which a person lives. The belief systems and ideology of the individual's culture influence the person directly. However, the individual does not necessarily have as much freedom in determining his or her surroundings. Some examples of these influences could include political or religious norms of the culture. The Chronosystem - reflects the culmulative experiences a person has over the course of their lifetime. These experiences include environmental events, as well as major transitions in life. Some notable transitions include divorce, marriage or the birth of a baby. These transitions are major experiences in an individual's lifetime.

John’s Case What are the influences at Microsystem level Exosystem level Macrosystem level How might John’s chronosystem affect his development?

John’s Case What are the influences at Parents, immediate family Microsystem level Parents, immediate family Exosystem level Local community – council estate, school and peers Macrosystem level Economic and political state How might John’s chronosystem affect his development? Moving between different relatives, stress of economic environment

Jean Piaget’s (1936) theory of cognitive development

B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990) Behaviourism

Albert Bandura (1977) Social learning theory

Erik Erikson Read the hand out

Back to John Working in pairs: How can you identify each of the theories within this case study? Move around into new groups and share your theories

Apply one of the theories to your own growth and development What impact has this had on your life development?

Managing loss and change Elisabeth Kübler-Ross - five stages of grief Prochaska and DiClemente's - Stages of Change Model for Social Workers Social Learning Theory - Grief and Loss

Managing stress and behaviour. Zubin and Spring - The Stress Vulnerability Model Cognitive Behaviour Therapy General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - Theory of Stress Diathesis-stress model

Reading Week During reading week you will contribute to a forum DISCUSSION Each student needs to research two theories These need to be from different areas Your task Find a source which relates to your theory Summarise the theory Relate it to a case study You will then need to comment on another students theory (who have researched the same as you) Have you found the same information if not how Is their source reliable Ensure you each reference your information accurately and post any links where appropriate