The Clash of (Scottish) Civilizations: Local Culture and National Identity Dr. Britt Cartrite Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict.

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Presentation transcript:

The Clash of (Scottish) Civilizations: Local Culture and National Identity Dr. Britt Cartrite Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict

Milestones in Scottish History 843 AD: Kenneth MacAlpin “unites” Scots and Picts under his rule 843 AD: Kenneth MacAlpin “unites” Scots and Picts under his rule 1296: Annexation of Scotland by England under Edward I 1296: Annexation of Scotland by England under Edward I 1314: Battle of Bannockburn – Scottish independence restored under Robert Bruce 1314: Battle of Bannockburn – Scottish independence restored under Robert Bruce 1603: James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England 1603: James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England 1638: National Covenant 1638: National Covenant 1707: Union of Parliaments 1707: Union of Parliaments

Scottish Ethnopolitical Activism 1820: Celtic Society of Edinburgh 1820: Celtic Society of Edinburgh 1853: National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights; 1886: Scottish Home Rule Association 1853: National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights; 1886: Scottish Home Rule Association 1900: Young Scots Society; 1901: Scottish Patriotic Association; 1904: Scottish National League 1900: Young Scots Society; 1901: Scottish Patriotic Association; 1904: Scottish National League 1926: Scottish Nationalist Movement; 1934: Scottish Party and SNM merge to form Scottish National Party (SNP) 1926: Scottish Nationalist Movement; 1934: Scottish Party and SNM merge to form Scottish National Party (SNP)

Population and Population Density

Scottish Identity

General Election Votes for the SNP

1997 Referendum on Scottish Devolution

Referenda Yes Votes Question 1: I agree that there should be a Scottish Parliament Question 2: I agree that a Scottish Parliament should have tax-varying powers

From Ethnic to Civic Nationalism?

Common Fisheries Program

Edinburgh Hawick Stirling Glasgow Stonehaven Aberdeen Lerwick Kirkwall Stromness Inverness Portree

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Languages English English

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Languages English English Gaelic Gaelic

Gaelic Speakers

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Languages English English Gaelic Gaelic Scots Scots

Auld Lang Syne For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll tak a cup of kindness yet, For auld lang syne! Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And auld lang syne? And surely ye'll be your pint-stowp, And surely I'll be mine, And we'll tak a cup o kindness yet, For auld lang syne! We twa hae run about the braes, And pou'd the gowans fine, But we've wander'd monie a weary fit, Sin auld lang syne. We twa hae paidl'd in the burn Frae morning sun till dine, But seas between us braid hae roar'd Sin auld lang syne. And there's a hand my trusty fiere, And gie's a hand o thine, And we'll tak a right guid-willie waught, For auld lang syne.

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Languages English English Gaelic Gaelic Scots Scots (Pictish) Doric (Pictish) Doric

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Religion Anglican Anglican Presbyterian Presbyterian Catholic Catholic

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Anti-English Anti-English

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Anti-English Anti-English Anti-Catholic Anti-Catholic

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Anti-English Anti-English Anti-Catholic Anti-Catholic Tartanry Tartanry

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Anti-English Anti-English Anti-Catholic Anti-Catholic Tartanry Tartanry Kailyard Kailyard

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Anti-English Anti-English Anti-Catholic Anti-Catholic Tartanry Tartanry Kailyard Kailyard Crofting Crofting

Dimensions of Scottish Identity: Anti-English Anti-English Anti-Catholic Anti-Catholic Tartanry Tartanry Kailyard Kailyard Crofting Crofting Jacobitism Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Edinburgh Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Stirling Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Hawick Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Stonehaven Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Inverness Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Portree Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Glasgow Gaelic Scots Doric Anglican Presbyterian Catholic Anti-English Anti-Catholic Tartanry Kailyard Crofting Jacobitism

Variations on Scottish Identity: Shetland and Orkney Invaded and populated by Vikings in the 8 th century Invaded and populated by Vikings in the 8 th century Given to Scotland until the dowry for Queen Margaret could be raised Given to Scotland until the dowry for Queen Margaret could be raised Scotland refuses the dowry payment, keeps the islands Scotland refuses the dowry payment, keeps the islands Norn, a Scandinavian dialect, dies out in the late 18 th century without being written down Norn, a Scandinavian dialect, dies out in the late 18 th century without being written down Possibility of a “no” – “no” vote in the 1997 referendum raised questions of transferral to Westminster Possibility of a “no” – “no” vote in the 1997 referendum raised questions of transferral to Westminster

Variations on Scottish Identity: Orkney Norn Lutheran Anti-English Anti-Scottish Kailyard Crofting Scandanavian

Variations on Scottish Identity: Shetland Norn Lutheran Anti-English Anti-Scottish Kailyard Crofting Scandanavian

Variations on Scottish Identity: Shetland Norn Lutheran Anti-English Anti-Scottish Kailyard Crofting Scandanavian

Emergent Questions: How do theories of ethnic identity formation account for Scottish heterogeneity? How do theories of ethnic identity formation account for Scottish heterogeneity? How can the relative success of ethnopolitical mobilization in Scotland be explained, given this heterogeneity? How can the relative success of ethnopolitical mobilization in Scotland be explained, given this heterogeneity? What explains the complacency regarding funding for Gaelic media and education, considering the low levels of Gaelic-speaking, as well as the relative paucity for demands for other language education and media? What explains the complacency regarding funding for Gaelic media and education, considering the low levels of Gaelic-speaking, as well as the relative paucity for demands for other language education and media?

Future Research Possibilities: Replication of findings Replication of findings Project linking findings to political questions Project linking findings to political questions Shetlander / Orcadian mobilization Shetlander / Orcadian mobilization