Opening Agenda Things to Get: Things to Do: ½ piece of paper for your opener. Handouts on Table: Guided Notes, Music Listening Guide, Article (return this one!) Things to Do: Opener Notes: Music in the Renaissance Music Listening Guide Demonstration Exit Slip

Opener On each of the pictures shown below, complete the following: 1) Name the picture and creator 2) Write one sentence about the picture you see (controversies, facts, etc.) 1 2 3 4

Music in the Renaissance

Medieval and Renaissance Instruments http://www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/instrumt.html

Renaissance Music: In Elements Texture Mostly polyphonic Melody Smooth Imitation used Melody equal in all parts Melody lines create chords and dissonances

Renaissance Music: In Elements Rhythm Moderate tempos (andante, allegro) Unmetered/unbarred

Renaissance Music: In Elements Dynamics Soft with natural accents and flow of text Timbre/Tone Color Voice Strings Winds Brass Keyboard

Renaissance Music: In Elements Form Motet Sacred or secular vocal composition of 4 different vocal parts of equal importance (weezer) Madrigal Secular a cappella song for 3-6 voices usually about love Choruses repeated like pop songs today Mass sacred musical composition choral composition that sets the fixed portions of the Catholic communion ceremony to music

Characteristics Word-painting Secular – social and non-religious Matching a descending melody to words of grief or quickened rhythm to an expression of joy Secular – social and non-religious Printing made music more widely available more has survived than from Medieval era

Josquin des Prez

“Broadcast 43: Des Pres” Josquin Des Pres’ greatest contribution was in the development of polyphony in music.  What is polyphony in music? How is polyphony different from monophonic music and harmony?

1440-1521 French Composed for popes for 10+ years Greatest composer of High Renaissance Blended polyphony and 3 tone chord harmonies Matched words with music (widespread panic)

All voice parts composed at one time united parts rhythmically and harmonically Preferred motet to the strict tradition of the Mass complex required attentive/educated audience to be appreciated (Ave Maria)

Giovanni da Palestrina

Read: “Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: 1525-1594” and answer the following questions on your notebook paper. Who was the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music? Why was Palestrina not hired after 1554? Describe the style of Palestrina’s music. How many works of music did Palestrina create? Why did the religious leaders feel that Palestrina’s music interfered with religious texts?

Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 - 1594) was an Italian composer of Renaissance music. He was the most famous sixteenth-century representative of the Roman School of musical composition. Palestrina had a vast influence on the development of Roman Catholic church music, and his work can be seen as a summation of Renaissance polyphony.

Palestrina: Celebrity of the 1500s Palestrina left hundreds of compositions, including 104 masses, 68 offertories, more than 300 motets, at least 72 hymns, 35 magnificats, 11 litanies, 4 or 5 sets of lamentations etc., at least 140 madrigals and 9 organ ricercari (however, recent scholarship has classed these ricercari as of doubtful authorship; Palestrina probably wrote no purely instrumental music). Palestrina was immensely famous in his day, and his reputation, if anything, increased following his death. Conservative music of the Roman School continued to be written in his style (known as the "prima pratica" in the seventeenth century).

Palestrina 1525-1594 Italian Counter Reformation–renewed focus on religion (explain) Abandoned secular music style of des Prez Directed pope’s Sistine Choir high point of sacred music in late Renaissance

WAIT! Counter what? The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517, though its roots lie further back in time. It began with Martin Luther and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.[1] The movement began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. Many western Catholics were troubled by what they saw as false doctrines and malpractices within the Church, particularly involving the teaching and sale of indulgences. Another major contention was the practice of buying and selling church positions (simony) and what was seen at the time as considerable corruption within the Church's hierarchy. This corruption was seen by many at the time as systemic, even reaching the position of the Pope. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation Counter Reformation, 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants' revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the tradition breaking that characterized Protestantism. The Counter Reformation was led by conservative forces whose aim was both to reform the church and to secure the its traditions against the innovations of Protestant theology and against the more liberalizing effects of the Renaissance. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0813787.html

Palestrina Restrained dissonance 6 voices showed complex polyphony could still be pleasing to the ear Pope Marcellus Mass Song style for catholic mass balanced upward movement of melodic line with immediate downward movement strict style created music that was always full and fluid (Kyrie)

Palestrina’s Music His compositions are typified as very clear, with voice parts well-balanced and beautifully harmonized. Among the works counted as his masterpieces is the Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass).

Kyrie Palestrina 1557 Renaissance and Sacred Voices 6 parts Kyrie eleison; Christe eleison; Kyrie eleison Lord have mercy; Christ, have mercy; Lord, have mercy.

Mass Musical Structure – 6 parts Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass). Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Benedictus Agnus Dei (Discuss next two slides)

Kyrie - The Kyrie is the first movement of a setting of the Ordinary of the Mass: Kyrie eleison; Christe eleison; Kyrie eleison Lord have mercy; Christ, have mercy; Lord, have mercy. Gloria - The Gloria is a celebratory passage praising God and Christ: Gloria in excelsis Deo Glory to God in the highest Credo - The longest text of the Mass, this is a setting of the Nicene Creed: Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium. I believe in one God, the Father Almighty Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible

Sanctus - a doxology praising the Trinity: Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Domine Deus Sabaoth; pleni sunt coeli et terra gloria tua Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of Hosts; Heaven and earth are full of Your glory. Hosanna in excelsis Hosanna in the highest. Benedictus – a continuation of the Sanctus: Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord Agnus Dei - a setting of the "Lamb of God" litany: Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us.

Kyrie

Renaissance Music- Exit Slip Describe the similarity between Des Pres and Palestrina. Discuss how historical events influence the difference between Des Pres and Palestrina. Give clear and concise explanations for the questions above.

Renaissance Court Dances

Ballet first developed in Europe in the Renaissance period. -In Italy and France, dancing masters taught royalty and choreographed entertainments for the courts -Italian intermezzi (late 1400s) were interludes between acts of plays (operas) that combined dance, music, and drama -In the 1500 & 1600s, dancing masters began recording their choreography. Catherine de Medici was a great patron of the arts, and commissioned many dance Works, including Ballet Comique de la Reine, a six-hour dance/drama involving both the Greek gods and the Queen of France!

Renaissance Dance Renaissance court spectacles were often ornate They emphasized geometrical patterns They used steps that were taken from the popular ballroom dances of the day, including the pavane galliard, volta, and others Women and men did these dances together in the ballroom, but onstage, the women’s parts were danced by men Steps became increasingly complex, and dancing masters asked their pupils to practice them holding onto the backs of chairs for balance; this is how the ballet barre developed Dancing became stylish at all Renaissance courts in Europe, including those of Queen Elizabeth I and Henry VIII

Thoinot Arbeau, a French canon in the Roman Catholic church, wrote one of the first dance books, Orchesography, in 1589. It was a collection of the standard social dances of the time, and included correct social behavior and positions of the feet. Clothing was bulky and tight in the torso, restricting movement mostly to the feet.

Renaissance Court Dances Exit Slip Today, you have learned how to dance like it was 1575. The dances of this time developed because of certain aspects of Renaissance society. On your own paper, you need to describe the Renaissance court dances while explaining why certain portions of the dance listed below developed:   The kiss with the bow The emphasis of foot movement The lack of physical contact between dancers Write your answer on your own paper. You answer must be half a page long and must be written in complete sentences. Anything less will receive no credit.