Governments of India, China, and Japan

GPS and E.Q. GPS: S7CG7a. Compare and contrast the federal republic of The Republic of India, the communist state of The People’s Republic of China, and the constitutional monarchy of Japan, distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms. E.Q.: How do the governments of India, China, and Japan compare?

Vocabulary Republic: type of government in which elected individuals make decisions for the people Secular: favors no special religion Communism: government controls all the country’s decisions Constitutional monarchy: government with a king or emperor whose power is limited b a constitution. Bicameral – 2 house parliament Untouchables: lowest caste in India; social outcasts.

The Republic of India Bharat Ganrajya भारत गणराज्य The Republic of India Bharat Ganrajya Anthem: India became independent in 1947, after 247 years of British rule. India modeled its government after Great Britain’s and became the world’s largest democracy. The Indian constitution was adopted in 1950; it guarantees all citizens basic rights. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HReDR6Zw0pc Where Parliament is held Where the President lives

Even untouchables and women were granted voting rights. Indian law requires women and untouchables to be allowed to run for office. Today some untouchables are elected government officials, and several women have been elected prime minister (Indira Gandhi was the first, in the 1990s). (Read article on Untouchables from National Geographic.) vice president and untouchable, 1996 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCRiwlw7ltY

India is a Republic Because one house of India’s Parliament is elected, it is a republic. Elections for national office are held every 5 years.

India’s Government No notes – just read PARLIAMENT(BICAMERAL) HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE COUNCIL OF STATES President – Elected by Parliament & State Gov’ts – Chief Executive – has most power Chosen by state legislatures Elected from Prime minister – leader of majority party; appointed by & advises the President; head of gov’t Women and untouchables must be allowed to run for offices at these 3 levels, according to India’s laws DISTRICT COUNCIL GROUP OF VILLAGES GROUP OF VILLAGES VILLAGE COUNCIL (PANCHAYAT VILLAGE COUNCIL (PANCHAYAT VILLAGE COUNCIL (PANCHAYAT VILLAGE COUNCIL (PANCHAYAT VILLAGE COUNCIL (PANCHAYAT

Issues India is large and diverse: many Languages Castes Religions National government has to work hard to make sure all groups feel included and are equally protected. The country is secular (favors no religion over another) but the majority are Hindu.

No notes – just read

The People’s Republic of China 中國人民共和國 Anthem: Communist country – 1 party dictatorship; oligarchy Became communist in 1949 when Communist Party Chairman Mao Tse-Tung took power in a revolution. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=%22March+of+the+Volunteers%22+national+anthem&mid=7F90227F00EB739A71D17F90227F00EB739A71D1&view=detail&FORM=VIRE2

Communism in China The government has some control over almost every aspect of people’s lives. The government decides who will do which jobs. All children must attend school (this was a big improvement for the poor). Property was taken from wealthy landowners and given to the poor. Rural farmers were organized into communities and told what and how to farm. Industries were controlled by the government.

The Years Following the Revolution There was great suffering. Many Chinese starved. Most people were not worried about losing personal freedoms because they had none before the communists took over. Today the Communist Party still runs the country.

Elections The National People’s Congress (NPC) is elected every 5 years by a vote of every Chinese citizen over 18. The Communist Party approves the people who run for office. The NPC chooses a president and vice president. The president chooses a premier.

Changes China is slowly becoming more free. Chinese people want European and American goods. The internet has made the Chinese more aware of other ways of life. But: the role of the citizen, including what job he has and what education he has, is still controlled by the government. No votes are cast in an election for anyone not approved by the Party (NPC).

The Constitutional Monarchy of Japan 日本国 Anthem: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV3ggRAaBU Before WWII, Japan was a monarchy ruled by emperor Hirohito. His people believed he was descended from the Sun (they thought he was a god). Few people had ever seen him. After WWII, the U.S. helped reorganize Japan as a constitutional monarchy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ez85wg61r4

Japan…Reorganized 1947: Japan adopted their 1st constitution, which set up a bicameral parliament, called the Diet. Japanese citizens over age 20 vote for members of the Diet. The Diet elects a prime minister and cabinet (group) of advisors. The prime minister is head of the government. The emperor only has symbolic power, and the constitution states he is no longer considered a god.

Complete the chart on CRCT Test Prep page 164 COUNTRY TYPE OF GOVERNMENT WHO VOTES ROLE OF RELIGION DESIGN OF GOVERNMENT JAPAN CHINA INDIA

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 Which best describes the Japanese government? Monarchy Theocracy Federal democracy Constitutional monarchy D. Constitutional monarchy

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 2. The Japanese parliament is called the Diet. Congress. Knesset. House of Representatives A. Diet

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 3. What role do religious leaders play in the Indian government? No religious leaders are allowed to run for political office in India. Religious leaders choose the candidates that run from most rural areas. They are guaranteed a certain number of representatives in each election. The country has a secular government in order to avoid seeming to favor one group over another. D. The country has a secular government in order to avoid seeming to favor one group over another.

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 4. Who is allowed to vote in Indian elections? All citizens who are 16 years of age or older All citizens who are 18 years of age or older Only men who can prove they are Indian citizens Only those who can prove they were born in India B. All citizens who are 18 years of age or older

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 5. Who is allowed to vote in Japan? Only men can vote in Japanese elections. All citizens who are 20 years of age or older Only those who can read and write Voters who can prove they were born in Japan B. All citizens who are 20 years of age or older

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 6. What sort of government is the People’s Republic of China? monarchy Federal democracy Constitutional monarchy Communist government D. Communist government

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 7. What is the name of the elected Chinese legislative assembly? The Diet Political Bureau Chinese Communist Party National People’s Congress D. National People’s Congress

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 8. Who can vote in national elections in China? Only Chinese men Only those who live in cities All citizens who are 18 years of age or older Voters who have completed 12 years of school C. All citizens who are 18 years of age or older

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 9. How often are elections for the national government held in India? Elections are held every 6 years. Party members are elected for life. Elections for national office are held every 5 years. Religious leaders can require new elections to be held if they think it is necessary. C. Elections for national office are held every 5 years.

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 10. Which country is the world’s largest democracy? India Japan China Korea A. India

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 11. Who was Indira Gandhi? Mother of Mohandas Gandhi Powerful religious leader in India First woman prime minister in India Leader of the effort to end the Untouchable caste in India C. First woman prime minister in India

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 12. What role do the people play in a government like that of Japan? The people have the real power in Japan. They have the power to vote the Japanese emperor out of office. The people get to approve the laws made by the Japanese emperor. They have little power because the emperor makes most decisions. A. The people have the real power in Japan.

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 13. What was the position of the Japanese emperor before WWII? His power was weakened by a powerful parliament. He was believed to be a god descended from the sun. The emperor played a part in selecting people to run for public office. The emperor was very involved running the government on a daily basis. B. He was believed to be a god descended from the sun.

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 14. What group makes most of the important decisions in the government of the People’s Republic of China today? The wealthy landowners The Chinese Communist Party Mao Tse-Tung and his advisers People in the local village councils B. The Chinese Communist Party

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 15. Who chooses the president and vice-president of the National People’s Congress in China? People are chosen for these jobs by the king. The members of the National People’s Congress choose them. The voters choose people for these jobs in the general election. These jobs are filled by the 2 oldest members of the National People’s Congress. B. The members of the National People’s Congress choose them.

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 16. The premier of the National People’s Congress in China is chosen by the president. National People’s Congress. president and vice-president. Chinese voters in general elections. A. president.

CRCT Test Prep pages162-166 17. Who was the first leader of the People’s Republic of China? Hirohito Mao Tse-Tung Indira Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi B. Mao Tse-Tung