An Invitation to Health Chapter 11 Alcohol Use, Misuse, and Abuse Dr. Lana Zinger. ©2004 Wadsworth Publishing Co.

The Alcohol Content of Different Drinks Proof With distilled spirits, alcohol content is expressed in terms of proof, a number that is twice the percentage of alcohol: 100- proof bourbon is 50 percent alcohol.

Alcohol Impairment Chart Blood-Alcohol Concentration The amount of alcohol in your blood at any given time.

Factors Affecting Your BAC How much and how quickly you drink. What you’re drinking. Your size. Your gender. Your age. Your race. Other drugs. Family history of alcoholism. EatingExpectations. Physical tolerance.

How Much Alcohol Is Too Much? National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Men: 2 drinks max. Men: 2 drinks max. Women: 1 drink max. Women: 1 drink max. American Heart Association (AHA) American Heart Association (AHA) <15% of total daily calories ounces of alcohol maximum. 3 beers, 2 mixed drinks, or 3-1/2 glasses of wine.

Weighing The Effects of Light To Moderate Drinking Positive Effects Lower risk of heart attack than abstinence. Lower mortality than abstinence. Lower risk of dementia. Negative Effects Higher risk of breast cancer in women. Possible interaction with prescription and nonprescription drugs. Impaired perceptions. Diminished smell, taste, and sensation. Impaired motor skills. Impaired sexual performance. Possible weight gain. Light to Moderate Drinking Men: 1 drink/day Women: 2 drinks/day

Alcohol in the Body Alcohol = ethyl alcohol MouthEsophagus Absorption into the bloodstream Stomach Small Intestines

The Impact Of Alcohol Some Interesting Facts A alcohol in a typical drink reaches the bloodstream in 15 minutes and rises to peak concentration in about 1 hour. A alcohol in a typical drink reaches the bloodstream in 15 minutes and rises to peak concentration in about 1 hour. Alcohol only leaves the body after metabolism by the liver. Alcohol only leaves the body after metabolism by the liver. Light alcohol intake is associated with lower mortality than abstinence, but mortality rates increase with the amount of alcohol consumed. Light alcohol intake is associated with lower mortality than abstinence, but mortality rates increase with the amount of alcohol consumed. Alcohol is a diuretic and lowers body temperature. Alcohol is a diuretic and lowers body temperature. Alcohol has 7 calories per gram and stimulates the appetite. Alcohol has 7 calories per gram and stimulates the appetite.

The Effects of Alcohol Abuse On The Body

Why People Drink SocialEase RoleModelsAdvertising Friendship Celebration Self-Medication

Why Do Students Binge Drink? RecreationalDrinking At A Young Age Low Price Of Alcohol ParentalAcceptance Of Drinking Peer Pressure Residing With Binge Drinkers Easy Access To Alcohol Binge Drinking Men: 5+ alcoholic drinks Women: 4+ alcoholic drinks.

Patterns of Alcohol Use Abstinence Light Drinking Infrequent Drinking Moderate Drinking Social Drinking Problem Drinking Binge Drinking

The Consequence of College Drinking

Substance Abuse and Risky Sexual Behavior

Changing Drinking Patterns on Campus College Alcohol Policies Social and environmental approaches. Student involvement. Development of alternatives to drinking. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Campus-based AA, Al-Anon, Adult Children of Alcoholics, peer education program called Boost Alcohol Consciousness Concerning the Health of University Students (BACCHUS)

Alcohol and Race African-AmericanCommunity Native American Community HispanicCommunityAsian-AmericanCommunity

Recognizing The Warning Signs of Alcoholism Experiencing drinking-related symptoms such as headaches, nausea, stomach pain, heartburn, gas, fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, irregular heartbeats. Needing a drink in the morning to start the day. Denying any problem with alcohol. Doing things while drinking that are regretted afterward. Dramatic mood swings, from anger to laughter to anxiety. Sleep problems. Depression and paranoia. Forgetting what happened during a drinking episode. Changing brands or going on the wagon to control drinking. Having five or more drinks a day.

Defining Alcohol Problems Alcohol Abuse Continued use of alcohol despite awareness of social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems related to drinking, or drinking in dangerous ways or situations. Alcohol Dependence A disorder in which individuals develop strong cravings for alcohol because it produces pleasurable feelings or relieves stress and anxiety. Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease in which genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influence its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. Type I vs. Type II and Type A vs. Type B.

What Causes Alcohol Dependence and Abuse? Genetics Genetics Stress and Traumatic Experiences Stress and Traumatic Experiences Parental Alcoholism Parental Alcoholism Drug Abuse Drug Abuse

Medical Complications of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Liver Disease CardiovascularDiseaseCancer Vitamin DeficienciesDigestiveProblems Accidents & InjuriesHigherMortality Brain Damage

Alcoholism Treatments Detoxification Delirium tremens (DTs) Medications Antianxiety and antidepressive drugs. Disulfiram (Antabuse) Inpatient and Residential Treatment Alcoholics Anonymous Secular Organizations for Sobriety Individual Psychotherapy Women for Sobriety