1 HBD Update Itzhak Tserruya DC meeting, April 9, 2008 April 9, 2008

2 HBD West arm status: March 12, HBD West fully refurbished April 9, 2008

3 Gain vs time: installed stacks  V GEM = 511 V Typical GEM failure rate: 2/39

April 9, 2008 CsI evaporation  CsI is evaporated onto 4 GEMs in one shot.  For each GEM 3 measurements are taken at 160 nm across X axis.  QE looks great 4

5 Lab tests plans of HBD West Since March 12: - N 2 gas flowing inside the glove box is heated to speed up degassing  Temperature inside glove box at ~ 38 o - Work on the CF 4 recirculation gas system (from LEGS) for lab tests  almost ready. While inside the glove box: 1. HV test of each GEM individually, up to 400 V in N2. Done 2. Install shades and light cube. Planned for this week 3. Close vessel, flow CF 4 and perform HV test on each module up to a HV corresponding to a gain of Next Week Take vessel out from the glove box: 1.Install HV dividers 2.Complete grounding and tubing 3.Endurance HV test with CF 4. 4.Install in the IR Outlook: Progress has been slow over the last month, but we are on track for installation of both arms well before the start of run-9. April 9, 2008

6 On-line QE monitoring We always wanted to have some way of monitoring (at least relatively) the QE of the CsI photocathodes. The method used in run 7 with a UV lamp was not at all reliable. After run 7, we found that the QE did not deteriorate at all in spite of the tough conditions of the run and was as good as in a freshly evaporated photocathode. In spite of that, we still think it would be good to have an on-line monitoring of the QE. We also want to have some means of monitoring the gain when there is no beam. These two goals are nicely realized with a little gadget developed at BNL that we call the light cube or the scintillation cube. April 9, 2008

The Scintillation Cube 241 Am Semi- collimated  Spectralon Diffuse UV Reflector SBD  -Trigger Scint. Light Poisson Distr. PMT signal SBD signal 55 Fe source (calibrated UV light source ) April 9, 20087

Cube #pe’s (zero-method, using areas under fits) #pe’s (zero-method, counting bins directly) #pe’s (using arith. mean, PA calib & PMT gain) Spectralon2: Black: Lucite1: Lucite2: Results: probability of zeros in pulse height spectrum: = - ln(P(0)) using arithmetic mean of pulse height spectrum in mV, pre-amp calibration and PMT gain. Calibrating the p.e. yield 8

Light Cube tests on a triple GEM stack The number of photoelectrons in the light signal was calculated in two ways. 1.Using the 55 Fe signal, whose electron output is well known, to calibrate the light signal in electrons. 1.Using the shape of the light signal and what we know about statistics to determine its mean number of electrons. There is good agreement between the two methods and our expectation. 55 Fe method gives 5.1Shape gives ~6.1 (Systematic errors are not yet taken into account) Expectation: 9

Shape Fitting Method The light signal is compared with a Monte Carlo simulation which uses a Poisson distribution around a convoluted with an exponential to simulate gain. The MC is run for multiple values of. The ratio of the MC and data is fit to a flat line of 1 and the chi 2 of this fit is minimized to find the of the light signal. The good agreement implies that the MC is a robust description of the data!

=15 =25 Cut is made on the total spectrum at 5 pe on the left, and at a fixed percentage of the singles on the right. E is the fraction of the solo spectrum accepted,  is the fraction of the double spectrum rejected. pe E E   11

Cut on Solo Spectrum Scale the fraction of tagged doubles, , by 90% and plot against (the input for each MC) on the x axis. Remember that  is not the quantity to be optimized because, our signal drops like the efficiency  =E 2. Jitter due to finite binning CDR Run 7 April 9,

Background Estimation Estimate the combinatorial background using the cocktail. Usually the cocktail is used to simulated physics, i.e. particles that come from the same vertex are paired. Here I make random pairs to simulate combinatorial background (following Axel’s method from a few years ago). EXODUS generates electrons with kinematics, parent id, etc weighted appropriately. If the parent is a pion or an eta apply a rejection of  Add in hadrons, charm, and then make pairs for the background. The ratio of the background without the HBD (  =0) to with it operating (  >0) is R. April 9,

A Slight Digression The combinatorial background from the cocktail is too low compared to Run 4 data. Some calculations for the Run 7 BUP attributed this difference to hadron contamination in the data. In the best case the difference is indeed due to hadron contamination, and (almost) all of this contamination would be rejected by improved e-id using the HBD. This would improve the background reduction (R) by a factor of In the worst case there would be no background reduction due to improved e-id. April 9,

15 Single electron spectra April 9, 2008 WestEast Analysis restricted to the HBD working modules acceptance, namely WS5, WN2, WN3, WN5 in the West Arm and ES1, ES2, ES3, EN3, EN4, EN5 in the East arm. 40% most peripheral events are selected. This analysis clearly demonstrates that HBD rejects not only most of the background it generates but also most of the background electron tracks in the Central Arms /3 3/2 1/2

But R( ) is not the quantity of merit because of course it will improve as E decreases but our signal degrades. In the best case of improvement due to eid R->R * 2.29 Background reduction April 9,

Improvement of Significance With a Run 4 sized data set (f=1) CDR Run 7 S eff is the background free equivalent signal ( 1/√S eff = ΔS/S) April 9,

Best Case Scenario CDR Run 7 Best case: there was hadron contamination in Run 4 and the HBD gets rid of almost all of it. (Run 4 sized data set f=1) April 9,

Improvement with a larger data set f is the increase in statistics compared to Run 4 April 9,

20 Backup April 9, 2008

21 Gain derived from scintillation (I) Scintillation hit identification: single pad hits not belonging to any track in peripheral events Gain determination: Fit the range (10-50) ADC channels with an exponential function 1/slope increase with event multiplicity 1/slope = Gain. (where = avrg nr of scintillation photons in a fired pad) Assuming the nr of scintillation photons per pad follows a Poisson distribution: A fired pad measures: = P(0) = probability to have no hit in a pad = = 1/slope April 9, 2008

22 Gain derived from scintillation (II)  P(0) is not measured  Determine the probability P(0,th) of not firing a pad for a given threshold and extrapolate to a zero threshold P(0,th) = 1 – [nr of fired pads (A>th)] / [total nr of pads]* * The large pads are excluded in this analysis i.e. the total nr of pads = 93 or 94. 1/slope April 9, 2008