The Accelerator Directorate The Organization, Priorities and Accelerator R&D May 5, 2011 Norbert Holtkamp

Topics My first 100 days Organizational adjustments Priorities Where do we go with Accelerator R&D Long range planning Summary 2Accelerator R&D: Strategy

My First 100 Days…Observations The observations were heavily influenced by the review of AED. –Business systems + Document management systems are up to standards –“Shadow organizations” and “Shadow systems” exist Systems Engineering is not consistent across AD/Lab Significant frustration regarding Accelerator R&D. Lack of trust towards upper management. In spite of all that: Operation of user facilities and construction of new ones is doing very well. 3 Accelerator R&D: Strategy

A fantastic Toy: LCLS Achievements  “… and then there was light”. Coherent light. Immediately.  Very short transition from commissioning to user operation  Low charge (20pC) bunches for short bunch length (<10fs)  Extended energy range,.5keV – 10keV  Second Harmonic After Burner (SHAB) for x-rays to approx. 20 keV  Operation at 120 Hz (and 120 Hz controls feedback) was seamless  Operating now at approx hrs. per year at greater than 95% accelerator availability Accelerator R&D: Strategy 4

The Organization The Resources

Present Accelerator Directorate Organization Norbert Holtkamp, ALD Bob Hettel, Deputy John Seeman, Deputy LCLS Accelerator Systems Division D. Schultz Accelerator Engineering Division K. Fant Accelerator Operations & Safety Division R. Erickson Accelerator Research Division T. Raubenheimer S0-20 Accelerator Division U. Wienands Strategic Projects Division J. Galayda SPEAR3 Accelerator Division J. Schmerge ESH&Q Mike Scharfenstein Acting Administration H. O’Donnell Business Office C. Lowe The Accelerator Directorate has a total of ~ 600 FTE. Approximately 275 FTE are funded directly or indirectly in support of the LCLS. Approximately 170 FTE are “hard” matrixed to the LCLS. 6Accelerator R&D: Strategy

Organizational Adjustments Is there anything wrong with the existing organization? Observations: –28% of all AD employees are coded supervisors –Present org charts mix between administrative and functional supervision –Up to seven levels of management –PAUSE event pointed out deficiencies in communication and lack of clarity in supervision –Dissatisfied customers –In some areas the mission and the organization are not aligned. –Some of the current structure has been in place for more than a decade and can be rigid, cumbersome and inflexible –Rates are too high. Substantial UDT across the organization 7Accelerator R&D: Strategy

What Do We Have? - What Do We Want? Accelerator R&D: Strategy8

The Present Organization Accelerator R&D: Strategy9

The Biggest Change: Engineering Organization Owns more than 2/3 of AF (>400 people) Only 2 options: 1.AED is a directorate 2.AED splits up into 3 ~90~130~180 Accelerator R&D: Strategy 10

Restructured Organization Accelerator R&D: Strategy 11

Funding Sources WBS 1 Photon Science SIMES INST PULSE INST SUNCAT INST WBS 3 SSRL Science BL Operations Users Experiments WBS 8 Accelerator Support for PPA, SSRL, LCLS Operations, Safety and Maintenance Upgrades – AIPs, small projects Research and Future Development Core Competencies and Technologies Service Centers Projects – LCLS II, LUSI, FACET, MEC (WBS 7) WBS 9 Lab-wide Support Allocation Pools & Service Centers Director’s Office COO Office Planning & Assessment Finance Procurement Human Resources ESH Project Mgmt Office Facilities Computing Communications Infrastructure Projects (directly funded) BES #1fundsHEP ##fundsBES #2fundsBES #3funds Other Fund Sources WFO Agencies Stanford WBS 4 LCLS Science BL Operations Users Experiments WBS 2 PPA Science KIPAC Elem Particle Babar D&D Service Centers HEP ##funds 12Accelerator R&D: Strategy

Detailed Breakdown Accelerator R&D: Strategy13 HEPLCLSSSRLOtherGrand Total TOTAL WBS 8.038,76595,68812,3356,721153, SPEAR3 Core Team008,6290 SPEAR3 Core Team Management005,5910 SPEAR3 Operations and Mainten002,2640 SPEAR3 Upgrades LCLS Core Team068,59300 LCLS Core Team Management02,08600 LCLS Operations and Maintenanc039,80700 LCLS Upgrades026, Sect 0 to 20 & FACET Core Team6,9386, ,953 S0-20 Core Team Management S0-20 Operations and Maintenan4,4485,235009,683 S0-20 Upgrades2, , Accelerator Operations & Safet1,28812,8813,706017,876 AOS Division Office ,157 Maintenance Coord, Statistics, Document Control Beam Operations3504,3211,53706,208 MCC Systems SPEAR3 Control Center Systems00200 Power7126,0901,91508, Accelerator Research & Develop30,5398,19906,72145,460 ARD Division Office LCLS06,40302,2428,645 Spear Test Facilities5, ILC4, LARP and LHC Upgrades2, Accelerator Design - Physics &1, RF Source & Structure Developm8,813001,61710,430 Novel Acceleration Research3, High Gradient Research3, Accelerator Technology Develop6481, ,683 AD Work For Others498001,9832,481 Other Accelerator R&D000436

Long Range Planning Accelerator R&D: Strategy14 Ten Year View of SLAC Funding Total in $Millions Base - Research, Operations & MaintenanceFY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018FY2019FY2020OutyearsTotal High Energy Physics (HEP) Basic Eenerty Science (BES) - SSRL BES LCLS BES Photon Science Other - EM, Safeguard & Security, BER Ttl SLAC Base Non-Base - Projects Science Laboratory Infrastrcutre (SLI)-Research Support Bldg (RSB) SLI-Scientific User and Support Bldg (SUSB) SLI-Photon Science Laboratory Bldg BES-LCLS I & PULSE 39 BES-LCLS II BES-LCLS BES-PEP X HEP-LSST BES-SSRL BL, incl Addt'l Staff Suprt Total NonBase Projects ,014 1,969 Total SLAC - NonARRA ,014 1,969 ARRA Projects Total SLAC ,014 2,063 Out Year Input from PPA - R. Alva; SSRL - S. Carlson; LCLS - S. Honl; Photon Sci - N. Matlin Current Fiscal Year

Where are We Going: Priorities, Accelerator R&D

SLACs Lab Agenda Mission Grow into the premier Photon Science Laboratory Maintain our position as the premier [electron] accelerator laboratory Build targeted programs in particle physics, particle astrophysics & cosmology 16 Accelerator R&D: Strategy

SLAC  Particle Physics+Astronomy and Accelerator Research PPA FERMI LSST LHC support EXO LC Super B Accelerators NC LC Technology High Power RF High Gradients FACET LASER Acceleration TEST beams 17Accelerator R&D: Strategy … the programs, facilities and infrastructure SLAC operates

Example: Maintain our Status as the Premier Electron Accelerator Laboratory Innovative technologies for accelerators –NC high gradient acceleration –Dielectric –Plasma –NC accelerator for DOE (and worldwide) FACET Novel approach for high brightness beams –Beam generation –Beam/  -manipulation –Laser-Beam manipulation/diagnostics ECHO 4 18Accelerator R&D: Strategy

Beyond HEP: The SLAC Multi-Program Environment PPA Detector R&D Computing Data acquisition & management AD Beam Dynamics Technology infrastructure Test Facilities Research on future colliders Computation 19 Accelerator R&D: Strategy LCLS,SSRL & Photon Science  LCLS Operations  LCLS Experiments  Data acquisition  Data storage  High brightness beams  Low Emittance Beam Acceleration  New light source concepts … the technology HEP supports at SLAC benefits the entire lab… …and back

The Laboratory Mission - The Accelerator Role Grow into the premier Photon Science Laboratory Maintain our position as the premier [electron] accelerator laboratory Build targeted programs in particle physics, particle astrophysics & cosmology Seeding schemes that will change FEL designs R&D Beam Manipulation Next Generation InjectorsInjector Test InfrastructureLC, Super KEKB, Ultra short pulsesDiagnostics. Timing/Synchronization LC User adapted applicationsLinac designs for specific needs LC, MC Enabling TechnologyRF Power (at any band) and new power sources LC, MAP, Project X, everywhere The “ultimate” storage ringBeam Dynamics and Feedback systems Super B / Super KEK B “Doubling the energy”Plasma Wake Field Acceleration FACET and its experimental program Accelerator R&D: Strategy 20

Accelerator R&D: Strategy Priorities: LCLS-II as a Part of LCLS-2025: What SLAC Envisions present LCLS NEH Hall LCLS-2025 FEH Hall LCLS II is key step on path to LCLS 2025 soft x-ray hard x-ray

LCLS Accompanying FEL R&D Program Z.Huang J.Hastings B.Hettel

Sector 0 FEL R&D Test Facility A staged approach to a five to 15 to 30 Million$ Test Facility that serves SLAC and others (LBNL, ANL) 23Accelerator R&D: Strategy

Redirecting where: Status on the Photon Side The R&D plan is consistent with SLACs mission statement The plan includes other laboratories and serves not only SLAC but other national programs and the worldwide community All elements of the plan will happen depending on time and funding because they are all mission critical … it’s a good and complete plan, although details are missing! Accelerator R&D: Strategy24

Redirecting where: What about the HEP part? B.Brinkman (Oct 2009) There are a number of promising emerging accelerator technologies now under investigation with HEP support: –High-Gradient RF Structures –Muon Accelerators &Colliders –Photonic Band-Gap Structures –Superconducting Radio Frequency –Wake Fields in Plasmas or Dielectrics Accelerator R&D: Strategy25

Other SLAC Accelerator Research Program Strong programs in Advanced Accelerator concepts, High Power RF (HPRF) and Beam physics and Diagnostics –Utilize SLAC core competencies in HPRF and accelerator design –Leverage SLAC test facilities, infrastructure and computation effort SLAC HEP Accelerator R&D program at crossroads –World-leading accelerator research program with unique but expensive infrastructure and test facilities –Most near-term application  industrial or scientific radiation sources –Accelerators have potential to impact community and economy Accelerator R&D: Strategy 26

The Reality: FY2011 funding vs budget situation Where will SLAC be in 3-5 years? Following trend: ~ $ 6-7 M Following trend ~ $ 3 M 0 unless there is a FACET II Following trend ~ $ 3.5 M Depends: 0- < $ 2 M _______________________________ That’s ~ $ 15 M versus ~ $ 31M Accelerator R&D: Strategy27

Programmatic Elements and Direction in the Future Advanced Accelerator R&D: High Gradient, LASERs/PLASMA FEL PhysicsInstrumentation High rep rate, ultrafast Accelerator Computations Pulsed Power Modulators BEAM DynamicsHigh Power RF Fully aligned with SLAC mission DOE fully funds 100% Unique DOE will partially fund Very useful for SLAC Largely funded through grants NC Linac Design & Construction 28Accelerator R&D: Strategy

AD-Status Overview and Outlook R&D infrastructure: –HEP funded AD infrastructure is about $ 30M / y Probably shrink to $ 10M / y by 2015 –BES funded AD infrastructure is << $ 10M / y could grow to $ 20M / y In order to maintain and grow this infrastructure AD would need a ~$30M - $40M program by Sources: DARPA, BES, NP, HEP, FS, DOD, Industry, NIH AD is approx $ 150M/y now and will be in 2015/2016 because LCLS II construction money. Without WFO AD can not grow/maintain. Management decision: not more than 20% of the AD base! 29Accelerator R&D: Strategy

Other Sources of Funding- is it a Solution? WFO funding can support infrastructure and technology that can not be full covered by funding through base/core programs. SLAC has technology, infrastructure and intellectual capabilities that can benefit industries, other agencies and the nation. Risks: –Fluctuations in funding can not be covered by Laboratory Base budget –Effort becomes very scattered without clear direction and alignment with lab core mission –AD can’t raise the ~$ 35M /y and AD infrastructure will fade away –WFO becomes substantial part of base budget and threatens lab core missions through shift in priority Accelerator R&D: Strategy30

WFO: Is It Realistic? LabTopicTime Funding Scale Funding Risk CERNOngoing structure fabrication & testing ~300kNone LLNLFirst phase of MEGa-ray construction ~750kNone FNALProject-X rf system development2011~400kNone LANLDesign studies for MARIE2011~300kLow LCLSSLED pulse compressor upgrade ~600kLow LLNLComplete MEGa-ray 250 MeV linac ~1600kLow LLNLJoint LLNL/SLAC DARPA AxIS Prop ~7200kMed CERNAdditional CLIC structure testing at SLAC ~800kMed CERNThree additional klystron-based test stands (SATS) ~2200k # Low LANLR&D for MARIE on high grad. long-pulse linacs ~5000kHigh LCLSX-band deflector (klystron, waveguide, …)2013~800kMed LCLS-IIBunch compressor linearizer2013~800kLow LCLSEnergy dither (600 MeV w/ 4 XL4’s & 16 struct.) ~5400kHigh ELI-NPHigh gradient 600 MeV linac for gamma ICS ~8000k # Med PSIEnergy dither / energy upgrade (0.4 ~ 2 GeV)2016~10M$ per GeV # High # = funding may be split between SLAC and industry ~500k additional internal SLAC LDRD funding in FY11 31 Accelerator R&D: Strategy

WFO by Directorate at SLAC Today * Directorate Photon science$ 826 Particle & Astro$1,096 SSRL$5,961 LCLS$105 Operations$1,729 Accelerator$3,434 AD-BES$1.901 Adv Sci Comp$132 $13,151 32Accelerator R&D: Strategy We intend to grow this to > $ 22M in FY12 !!!

More recent initiatives – We will do! The Muons: Engage in MAP-Berkeley and SLAC will make a proposal together. Approx 6 FTEs each. Plan for FACET II Maintain the Linear Collider (at SLAC or elsewhere) Engage with HP RF industry Start WFO others program (and infrastructure) Be the center for normal conducting RF accelerators and especially linacs, HP RF sources and pulsed power Accelerator R&D: Strategy33

Budget Realities SLAC operates the only hard x-ray laser for another couple of years. There a core competencies that SLAC wants to maintain and that the DOE wants to maintain within the complex There are new projects and opportunities for the Accelerator directorate: –LCLS II, ITF, FEL R&D programs, NGLS participation… –Develop, implement and execute a healthy Work For Others program –Look for the future of HEP: SUPER B, LHC, Linear Collider, Muon Collider… but better be patient! 34 Accelerator R&D: Strategy

Summary The largest part of the Accelerator Directorate is very straightforward although challenging to maintain and to improve The Accelerator Research and Development is facing a major shift and we need to calibrate ourselves whether: –The path makes sense –The path is realistic –The path allows address to the full breath of opportunities There will be a series of talks addressing the elements of the plan Accelerator R&D: Strategy35

Flat Organizations … Tuned for matrix organizations Reduces the number of layers “above” –We will go from ~>20% supervisors to ~ 6%  Empowers employees  reduces layers through which to filter messages thus improves communication  Reduces costs to the organization (= efficiencies)  Encourages accountability  Enhances creativity and productivity through empowerment Accelerator R&D: Strategy36

Administrative Supervisor vs. Functional Lead Functional Lead Role Under the direction of the supervisor: Not a Position, but a Role –Plan and assign work –Provide coaching and guidance on performance of job duties – may be Subject Matter Expert –Communicates and monitors compliance with policy, procedure and protocol –Provides performance feedback to supervisor –Executes WPC Does not replace BU leads Administrative Supervisor Makes all personnel actions –Hires –Evaluates –Promotes –Transfers –Terminates Compensation decisions Administers corrective action Writes and delivers performance evaluation Responsible for WPC Accelerator R&D: Strategy37

“You Can’t Manage What You Don’t Measure” Possible Metrics for AD Customer Satisfaction Cost (overhead, UDT) Turn-around time (determine baseline) Quality of output (reliability and availability of systems post installation and operation) Long term safety performance System function and performance vs customer requirements Accelerator R&D: Strategy38

Living in the Matrix: An example Accelerator R&D: Strategy39 Functional Authority Administrative Authority

Feedback From the PAUSE Event Improve SLAC-wide communication methods to improve overall effective communications while reducing sense of "information overload" General sentiment is that we are not doing a good enough job in transmitting information at all levels. Examples of communication problems include: –Directors messages on safety, personnel, funding –Announcements of changes in key positions/personnel should be timely –High level decisions made by the ALDs –Communication between central service groups should be improved to provide one- stop shopping Reliance on top-down information flow is not working. We need to find other ways to disseminate information. Lack of clarity with supervisors and middle managers level of accountability and authority. Accelerator R&D: Strategy 40

FEL Accelerator R&D Test Facilities – One Idea T. Raubenheimer Cathode Test Facility/ ASTA (low E) Photocathode R&D aimed at understanding LCLS lifetime and damage issues Test rf gun modifications before installation in LCLS-I or II Longer term R&D aimed at high brightness cathodes with lower thermal  (coatings, smoothness, new materials) Injector R&D Program NLCTA Facility (<~250 MeV) Simulation and experimental program aimed at significant improvement in brightness; low-E seeding; technology and ultrafast technique development 1)Design studies on rf gun design, CSR micro- bunching and cathodes 2)Rf gun development and testing at NLCTA in )NLCTA R&D on injector beam physics LCLS-II Injector (135 MeV) Full injector configuration; opportunity for R&D before LCLS-II turn-on Early construction, commissioning in ~2013/14 to study injector physics before LCLS-II operation Combined HB program requires ~3M/yr new funding Three parallel experimental efforts:

Core Capabilities and how they map onto the Mission Accelerator R&D: Strategy Advanced Accelerator R&D LASERs/PLASMA FEL PhysicsInstrumentation High rep rate, ultrafast Computer Aided Design Pulsed Power Modulators BEAM DynamicsHigh Power RF Fully aligned with SLAC mission DOE fully funds 100% Unique DOE will partially fund Very useful for SLAC Largely funded through grants NC Linac Design & construction 42

Presented at GAD Review Jan 2011: Scenario C ++ FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12FY13 GAD Funding11,2324,0523,3333,538 LHC Accelerator Research1, INFN Super-B design Super – B X-band Klystron Development ,8061, Power Source technology1,1001,900 X-band rf technology , Normal Conducting RF8001,200 High Performance rf modeling End Station Test Beam design FACET design FACET II CLIC R&D Project-X collaboration Feedback and LLRF program Spending Totals9,6464,8884,2863,5445,4176,010 Accelerator R&D: Strategy Will it ever happen and even if, is it sufficient to support the base without a mayor construction program?? 43

9 keV fund. removed with Zr/Si E = GeV, I pk = 3000 A, Zr/Si U1-33 inserted (28+5 SHABs) FWHM ~ 240 µm  z source ~ 60 m  FWMH ~ 4 µrad 18 keV ~100  J (5 und’s) measured gain H.-D. Nuhn D. Ratner E = 4.50 GeV, I pk = 900 A, Dir. Imager U19-33 in (10+5 SHABs) First 3 data points are U26-28 (3 rd harm.) Last 5 are SHABs (2 nd harm. bunching) SHABs Second Harmonic Afterburner (SHAB) Accelerator R&D: Strategy Page 6

HEP Accelerator R&D Priorities at SLAC Advanced accelerator R&D with potential for major impact –Plasma Wakefield program although $6M FACET operations support will limit the user program severely –Dielectric laser acceleration and NLCTA programs –SLAC needs strong leadership and vision!!! Beam dynamics core capability and computing mostly supported externally already High gradient and X-band programs –Unique capability world-wide but applications unclear Must define approach to normal-conducting linacs –Ongoing High Power RF (HPRF) program Possibly redirect High Gradient program toward power sources –Continued collaborations with LLNL, LANL and CERN Accelerator R&D: Strategy45