Ivica TRUMBIC UNEP/MAP – PAP/RAC INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE URBAN CONTEXT

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 COUNTRIES AND COASTAL REGIONS

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 MEDITERRANEAN PRESSURES population coastal urbanisation tourism economy

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 COASTAL URBANISATION Overall urbanisation rate: 64% in 2000, 72% in 2025 In the North urbanisation rate will grow only slightly, from 67% to 69% In the South urbanisation rate will grow from 62% to 74% Urban inhabitants: 275 mil. in 2000, 380 mil. in 2025 The population of the agglomerations in the South will grow from 145 million inhabitants in the year 2000 to 243 million in 2025, of which more that 30 million new inhabitants for the agglomerations on the coastal regions. The population of the agglomerations in the North will grow from 129 million inhabitants in the year 2000 to 135 million in the year 2025, with the urban population of the coastal regions remaining practically unchanged 65% of coastline is urbanised; number of coastal settlements with more than 10,000 inhabitants doubled from 1950 to 1995

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 GROWTH OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

COASTAL SETTLEMENTS Annual amounts (‘000 m 3 /year) of waste water discharged into the sea from coastal cities

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 NUMBER OF CITIES SERVED BY TREATMENT PLANTS

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 DEGREE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT IN COASTAL CITIES

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 MEDITERRANEAN “HOT SPOTS”

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 URBAN SPRAWL Padua and (Venice) Mestre Istanbul

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 COASTAL ARTIFICIALISATION 40% of Mediterranean coasts were built in 2000

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 Coastal urban development problems are essentially the resource management problem, notably water and space

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 WHAT IS INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT (ICZM)? ICZM is continuous, proactive and adaptive process of resource management for environmentally sustainable development of coastal areas ICZM requires multidisciplinary approach, problem solving instead of problem transfer, stakeholder participation, as well as integration among sectors, institutions and administrative levels ICZM requires full understanding of interactions among coastal resources, their use, and impacts of the development on economy and the environment

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Initial phase ( ): MEDPOL I, monitoring and assessment of pollution, BP and PAP established reorientation of MAP on integrated management of coastal areas, 1986 PAP Coastal Pilot Projects (CPPs), 1987 Methodological Framework for ICAM, 1988 MAP CAMP, 1989 Guidelines on Integrated Coastal Areas Management ICAM (with UNEP), 1995 Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development - recommendations for ICAM, 1997 Assessment of ICAM Initiatives in the Mediterranean: experiences from METAP and MAP, 1998 “White Paper” on coastal zone management in the Mediterranean, 2001

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 Major Legal Breakthrough Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 MAP CAMP PROJECTS CAMP ”Al Hoceima” MOROCCO CAMP "The Albanian Coast" ALBANIA CAMP "Tlemcen" ALGERIA CAMP "The Kastela Bay" CROATIA CAMP "The Area of Fuka" EGYPT CAMP "The island of Rhodes" GREECE CAMP ISRAEL CAMP LEBANON CAMP MALTA CAMP “The Slovenian Coastal Region" SLOVENIA CAMP "The Bay of Izmir" TURKEY CAMP "Sfax" TUNISIA CAMP “The Syrian Coastal Region" SYRIA CAMP CYPRUS CAMP SPAIN

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 Mobilising actors and means of action towards achieving the sustainable urban development Acting towards a better management of urban dynamics Improving public urban services management Strengthening the Mediterranean and Euro-Mediterranean co-operation for a sustainable urban development MCSD RECOMMENDATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE URBAN MANAGEMENT

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 URBAN CONTEXT

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 NON-URBAN CONTEXT

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 THE RESULT

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 WHERE IS SPLIT?

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

SOUTHERN ELEVATION OF THE DIOCLETIAN’S PALACE

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

LAND RECLAMATION

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007

INITIATIVES Very little mention in literature, except port cities and waterfront development Urban regeneration Hangzou Workshop and Hangzou Declaration (1999)

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 DEFINITIONS Coastal city (HYDROPOLIS): Conurbation of more than 100,000 people contiguous with, significantly oriented towards, and/or actually or potentially affected hydrodinamically by an extensive body of surface fresh and salt water Urban coastal zone: Bi-polar area, bounded on the landward side by the local hinterland of the cityscape, and on the waterward side by the functional ecosystemic integration of the coastal littoral zone (Timmerman and White, 1997)

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 CONCLUSIONS Urban development and ICZM were not well integrated in spite of obvious strategic similarities ICZM mainly related to non-urbanized areas: how to preserve them, and how to limit the urbanisation process Urban development: although sometimes large, coastal areas were not considered as a specific resource, therefore pressure on its coastal fringe Heavy use of the urban coastline for industry, rather than for recreation, commerce, housing or conservation Unfortunately, the dilemma was not whether urban development is environmentally unacceptable, but only how to mitigate environmental impacts without causing too much delay to the development Challenges and rationale: socio-economic development, which goes well beyond urban areas’ boundaries; impacts of global changes, pressure on land-sea interface

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 RECOMMENDATIONS ICZM benefits for urban development: facilitates resource allocation; conflict resolution; environmental protection improves the quality of life; economic benefits (i.e. waterfront development, urban regeneration) Urban issues should be integrated in the ICZM process, not as an obstacle but as an advantage Planning in coastal cities should consider coastal zones as a resource potential and special management plans should be prepared

SEVILLA2007/INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN/22 MARCH 2007 United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC) Kraj Sv. Ivana Split, CROATIA tel: (385) (21) fax: (385) (21) pap-thecoastcentre.org