Islamic Sacred Space and Place: Mosque Design. Early period (622-900) Centralized empire Middle period (900-1500) Regional centers and local powers Late.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Islam. A believer of Islam is a Muslim. The religion was founded by Mohammed. A believer of Islam is forbidden to eat pork, worship idols, drink alcohol,
Advertisements

Islam  Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the world’s second biggest religion with over 1.5 billion followers worldwide.  Monotheistic means a belief.
Islam  Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the world’s second biggest religion with over 1.5 billion followers worldwide.  Monotheistic means a belief.
Islamic Art “art beyond the European tradition” “There is only one God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” Chapter 13.
The Art of Islam Oct. 13, I. Introduction: art and religion.
The Rise of Islam.
Islamic Art Vocabulary Koran/Qu’ran Hadj Mosque Qibla Imam Minbar Mihrab Minaret Squinches Crenellation Muezzin Moorish Kufic.
Topic: Islam Aim: How did the Islamic Religion arise in Arabia? Do Now: Make a graphic organizer on the religion Islam Islam.
The Beliefs, Traditions and Customs of Islam What do the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam have in common? They are monotheistic Abraham is.
Major Beliefs of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam.
Islam (around600 AD) Founder Islam is based on the life and teachings of the prophet Mohammed, who they believe is the last messenger of God.
Islam "Righteous is he who believes in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Scriptures and the Prophets." -- Qur'an 2:177.
Islam, which means submission, peace and obedience, is a monotheistic religion, meaning that there is only one God. The supreme God of Islam is named.
ISLAMIC EMPIRE GLOSSARY. Arabia: Region where Islam began. A arid peninsula, then inhabited by nomads & traders using camel caravans Arabs: People of.
Jerusalem and Mecca. Prior to 1948, the country of Israel was Palestine or the Arab State. After 1948, it was known as Israel.
The Rise of Islam.
The Islamic Place of Worship.  A minaret is a slim tower rising from a mosque. They vary in height, style, and number, and are usually covered with.
AIM: How does Islam shape the lives of its believers? DO NOW: Match the people who are central or important to the following monotheistic religions of.
 Muhammad, the Prophet  Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula.
The Beliefs of Islam Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.
The Beliefs of Islam.
Islam Vocabulary.
Founder: Mohammed (prophet) Year: around 630 CE Origin Region: Arabia God(s): Allah Sacred Writing(s): Koran and Hadith Leader on Earth: Caliph and Imam.
The Religion of Islam 10/14/07Beth Berry Symbol of Islam The crescent moon is a common symbol of Islam. Muslims believe that when Muhammad received his.
3 Abrahamic Religions Judaism Christianity Islam All 3 religions have sacred ties to the city of Jerusalem in Israel. –Monotheistic (belief in one God.
ISLAM Has over ONE BILLION followers
Bellringer, February 9 th Turn in your 5 Pillars of Islam homework and any late work you’ve completed. Pick up a 5 Things bellringer from the front table.
DROPBOX ISLAM HW #1 V-SHARE 1. ISLAM QUESTIONS. V-SHARE 1. ISLAM NOTES #1.
Islam. Basics of Islam  Monotheistic - belief in 1 God: Allah.
The Middle East Birthplace of Monotheism. Religion in Context  Three major monotheistic religions were founded here.  Judaism – Abraham, Moses, David.
Muslim World.
Five Pillars of Islam 1.A statement of faith. Muslims must state their faith by saying, “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” 2.Praying.
Islamic Architecture Local cultures will have their own impact on architecture as Islam spreads but some elements of Islamic architecture are traceable.
1 Islam. 2 Muhammad the final prophet– CE Allah (word for God) Monotheistic Major Branches: Sunni – 85% and Shiite – 15% Koran (Qur’an) is sufficient.
Islam Means submission to Allah Started in Saudi Arabia
Origins, Beliefs, Traditions
*ISLAM. ENGAGE_MAP 1.Read the Enduring Understanding 2.Review the Map 3.Complete Analysis Questions 4.7 Minutes: stopwatch.com/large-
From Mrs. Walton’s World Studies I Class Harrisonburg High School – Harrisonburg, VA Thanks Mrs. Walton!
The Arabian Peninsula Islam- is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of its founder, the Prophet Muhammad.
Islam “Never expect things to happen, struggle and make them happen. Never expect yourself to be given a good value, create a value of your own.”
Islam Based on teachings of the prophet Muhammad ( ) Followers known as Muslims Qur'an Central belief: 1 God, called Allah All beliefs and teachings.
Muhammad Mecca, Saudi Arabia Around 610 C.E. Allah, God.
Mecca is the most important city in Islam. It is where Islam was born and where Mohammed ruled. The Kaa’ba is there, a large black box which contains.
An Historical View of Muhammad p.b.u.h.. Muhammad Revelations Troubled over polytheism Prayed for guidance in caves near Mecca Age 40, Visited by Angel.
CHAPTER 10 THE RISE OF ISLAM. Religious Comparisons Major World Religions Major World Religions Christianity: 1.9 billion followers Christianity: 1.9.
Islam 600 A.D. I.History: 1. Muhammad lived in Mecca. He was visited by the Angel Gabriel. A. Muhammad believed Allah (God) spoke through Gabriel.
Islam. A. General Information 1.Islam is a monotheistic religion. The word itself means “____________________.” 2.A follower of this religion is called.
Activity 3.2 Form and Function of a Mosque A mosque is a Muslim house of worship. The typical mosque is a flat, rectangular building with a circular dome.
The Muslim World.
Origins of Islam Islam starts in Arabia The Life of Muhammad.
Major European Religions: Islam S. Thomas 6th grade Social Studies.
Islam. Founded by Muhammad around 630 CE Muhammad believed he was called by God to be the last of the prophets Muhammad was from Saudi Arabia.
Major Beliefs of Islam Monotheistic religion: Allah = God. Holy book/sacred text: Qur’an (Koran) Gabriel revealed the content for the Qur’an to Muhammad.
ISLAM.
Islam Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the world’s second biggest religion with over 1.5 billion followers worldwide. Monotheistic means a belief.
Islam Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the world’s second largest religion with over 1.5 billion followers worldwide. Monotheistic means a belief.
Created by Julie Marnell
Islam: Myths and Reality.
The Beliefs of Islam Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.
Islam Islam is a monotheistic religion and is the world’s second biggest religion with over 1.5 billion followers worldwide. Monotheistic means a belief.
MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS
ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah.
Chapter 3, lesson 1 The First Muslims
Islamic Architecture Local cultures will have their own impact on architecture as Islam spreads but some elements of Islamic architecture are traceable.
The Beliefs of Islam.
The Beliefs of Islam Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.
WORLD RELIGIONS ISLAM.
How closely is Islam connected to Judaism and Christianity?
The Arabian Peninsula Geography
Presentation transcript:

Islamic Sacred Space and Place: Mosque Design

Early period ( ) Centralized empire Middle period ( ) Regional centers and local powers Late period ( ) Supra-regional powers Historical periods of Islamic cultures

Prophet Muhammed (c ) revelations (Arabic ‘koran’) about the one God (Arabic, allah) Islam (Arabic, ‘submission to God) became 'Muslim' (i.e. one who submitted him/herself to God) Muhammed Appointed by Archangel Gabriel (16 th cen., Turkish) I. The tenets of Islam and its need for occasional and congregational architecture A. What was the origin of Islam – the third monotheistic religion to emerge from the lineage of Abraham?

The Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (axis mundi) I. B. What is Islam’s most important – and for some Muslim’s the only – shrine of occasional architecture?

The Five Pillars of Islam – the “edifice” of faith 1.Testify (the shahada): “There is no god but God” 2.Pray five times a day facing in the direction of Mecca; on Friday, go to congregational prayer. 3.Fast sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. 4.Give alms to the poor. 5.The Hajj: make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. I. C. Why is congregational architecture necessary in Islam and how does the orientation of mosques emphasize the monotheistic unity of the faith?

Orientation of the world’s mosques to the Kaaba in Mecca Traditional mosque typologies worldwide I. C.

House of the Prophet (possibly the first mosque) mosque at Kufah, 670 Great Mosque of Damascus, 706 Dome of the Rock, 685 I. C.

Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain, 8 th -10 th centuries II. The hypostyle mosque and Muslim prayer ritual

Great Mosque at Kairawan, Tunisia, 9 th century (820-39) II. The hypostyle mosque and Muslim prayer ritual

II. Great Mosque at CordobaGreat Mosque at Kairawan, Tunisia Roman spolia in hypostyle mosques

II. A. Transition to sacred space 1. minaret Great Mosque at Cordoba Muhammed gives the call to prayer from the Kaaba a muzzein in a minaret

II. B. 1. call to prayer : “Allahu Akbar” (“God is most great”) Repetition of “Allahu Akbar” Orients worshiper toward God as, center of reality. Drawn-out and sustained sound: human sadness at separation from God. Minaret of the Great Mosque at Kairawan

II. B. Exterior: characteristics as related to religious purpose Massive unpierced temenos walls *architecture experienced from within Great Mosque at CordobaGreat Mosque at Kairawan

II. C. The Courtyard: How is ritual purity achieved before entering the prayer hall? ablution fountain 1. removal of shoes2. cleanse in the ablution fountain Great Mosque at Kairawan

II. D. The prayer hall – design principles and effects 1. Design for a non-processional religious gathering Early Christian and Byzantine designs Islamic non-processional design non-axial entrances Santa Sabina Hagia Sophia Great Mosque at CordobaGreat Mosque at Kairawan

II. D. 2. qibla (“direction of prayer”) in a hypostyle mosque a. How is the qibla made visible in the architecture of the mosque? Great Mosque at KairawanGreat Mosque at Cordoba mihrab

mihrab in the Great Mosque of Cordobamihrab in the Great Mosque of Kairawan II. D. 2.

II. D. 3. Where is the minbar, from which the prayer leader speaks, located? Great Mosque at Kairawan - the minbar next to the mihrab

II. D. 4. Where is there subtle hierarchy in the plan? Great Mosque at Cordoba primacy of the qibla wall primacy of the mihrab niche separation of sexes during services

House of the Prophet mosque at Kufah, 670 Great Mosque of Damascus, 706 Persepolis, Iran, 5 th cen. BC Karnak, 15 th cen. BC III. Spatial character of the Islamic hypostyle as sacred space of monotheism

III. A. 1. Practicality - expandability of the hypostyle type Great Mosque at Cordoba *Buildings not necessarily designed as a single balanced unit.

Platonic shape / Pythagorean ratio III. A. 1. Great Mosque at Cordoba

Architecture suspended from the ceiling Great Mosque at CordobaHypostyle hall at Karnak, Egypt III. A. This sacred space as a religious metaphor

Great Mosque at Cordoba sense of the immeasurable distance, infinity Great Mosque at Kairawan III. A.

Great Mosque of CordobaGreat Mosque of Kairawan III. C. Non-tectonic values *creation of non-tectonic values courtyard

mihrab in the Great Mosque of Cordoba Inscriptions make the word of God visible. *creation of non-tectonic values mihrab in the Great Mosque of Kairawan Non-figural ornament and inscriptions draw worshiper into contemplation III. C. 1. Why is the mihrab ornamented with non-figural ornament?

IV. Exterior expressions of secular power in some mosque architecture maqsura Door of the Mininsters Great Mosque of Cordoba

IV. A. “Door of the Ministers” in the west wall Door exteriorizes the interior architecture *non-tectonic textures Great Mosque of Cordoba

IV. B. a maqsura maqsura – screened area close to the mihrab reserved for the ruler or his representative The maqsura begins where the railing is at the back Great Mosque of Cordoba

IV. B. Cordoba’s maqsura domes center dome west maqsura dome east maqsura dome

Comparison of early medieval monotheism’s modulations on classical architecture

Measuring up to the standard set by the classical past