Classification and Cladograms Overview

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Classification and Cladograms Overview

Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 Father of Biological Classification! Classification: grouping items according to similar characteristics Taxonomy - the science of naming Carl Linnaeus developed a system using a two-word Latin name for each species Called binomial nomenclature - uses the genus and species names to identify organisms

7 levels of taxa Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Why scientific names? not everyone attaches the same common names to the same organism = confusing ie  same common name used for different species (ie. maple tree might be a sugar maple, a silver maple, or a red maple) Common names may not also describe organisms accurately (ie. jellyfish)

Puma concolor What animal is this? Mountain Cat Cougar Panther Puma Mountain Lion

Scientific Names Canis familiaris - dog Felis domesticus - cat Genus first - Capitalized Species second - not capitalized Both italicized Examples: Canis familiaris - dog Felis domesticus - cat Canis lupus - wolf Homo sapien - man

Let’s classify. . . Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: leo

4,000 < 100 43,000 77,000 Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Mixed Unicellular Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Kingdom Eu- bacteria Archae- Protists Fungi Plants Animals # Species 4,000 < 100 43,000 77,000 280,000 1 million Cell Type (pro or eu) Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell structure CW Peptidoglycan CW –NO Mixed CW – Chitin Cellulose NO CW Body Type Unicellular Multicellular Nutrition autotroph heterotroph chemoauto hetero –troph Reproduction Asexual – Binary Fission Sexual Movement Flagella / Pili Flagella Cilia NO Varies Examples

3 Types of Bacteria

Reproduction

Photosynthetic Protists – Algae

Heterotrophic Protists - Protozoa - classified by their movement.

A Fungus Among us Fungi Ant - Parasitic Fungus Cow Pie Fungus

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