Muscle Flash Cards Lower Limb Prepared by: Feng-Yen Li Supervised by: Kim Topp

Introduction Useful tips for usage: These flashcards are meant to help you learn the movements of the muscles. They are most useful when you see how the movements makes sense in relation to the origin and insertion points. For exam purposes, you only need to know (memorize) the action, innervation, and arterial supply of each muscle. But Italicized = do not need to know for exam. The purple slides are summary slides (if applicable) of subsequent muscles. Use these to learn the common properties of groups of muscles. Information about each muscle is also listed in the notes section under each picture slide. The titles in table of contents are hyperlinked its slide, but you need to go into presentation mode to use the hyperlinks.

Acknowledgements Special thanks go to: Kim Topp for reviewing all the slides for validity. Daniel Orjuela and Paul Teresi for taking the cadaver pictures. UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassador Program for funding this project. UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassadors and Mentors for offering useful suggestions. Members of the UCSF Class of 2009 for inspiring and supporting me to do this project.

Useful Websites Here are other useful sites to learn the muscles: http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/ (shows each muscle in isolation) http://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/LE_index.html (has many nicely labeled cadaver pictures)

Table of Contents Anterior Thigh Medial Thigh Posterior Thigh Sartorius Quadriceps Medial Thigh Adductors Gracillus Posterior Thigh Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Long Head of Biceps Femoris Anterior Leg Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral Leg Fibularis Longus Fibularis Brevis Posterior Leg Superficial Muscles Gastrocnemius Soleus Deep Muscles Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Posterior

Anterior Thigh Action Extend leg at knee joint (except sartorius) Innervation Femoral nerve Artery Supply femoral artery

Sartorius Origin Insertion Origin Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion Medial/anterior tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee Innervation Femoral nerve Arterial Supply Muscular branches of the femoral artery Insertion

Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion Medial/anterior tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee Innervation Femoral nerve Arterial Supply Muscular branches of the femoral artery

Quadriceps Origin Insertion Origin Femur Insertion Patella Action Extends the knee Innervation Muscular branches of femoral nerve Arterial Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery

Quadriceps Origin Femur Insertion Patella Action Extends the knee Innervation Muscular branches of femoral nerve Arterial Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery

Medial Thigh Action Adduct thigh at hip joint Innervation Obturator nerve

Adductors Origin Insertion Origin Ishial pubic regions of the pelvis Insertion Femur shaft Action Adducts thigh Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Femoral artery + others

Adductors Origin Ishial pubic regions of the pelvis Insertion Femur shaft Action Adducts thigh Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Femoral artery + others

Gracilis Origin Insertion Origin Inferior ramus of pubis Insertion Medial surface of tibial shaft (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery Insertion

Gracilis Origin Inferior ramus of pubis Insertion Medial surface of tibial shaft (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery

Posterior Thigh (Hamstring Muscles) Action Flex the leg at knee joint, extend thigh Innervation Sciatic nerve

Semitendinosus Origin Insertion Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery Insertion

Semitendinosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Semimembranosus Origin Insertion Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Medial tibial condyle Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Semimembranosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Medial tibial condyle Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Long Head of Biceps Femoris Origin Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Fibular head Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia laterally Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery Insertion

Long Head of Biceps Femoris Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Fibular head Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia laterally Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Anterior Leg Action Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes Innervation Deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal) Artery Supply Anterior tibial artery

Tibialis Anterior Origin Insertion Origin Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion 1st metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion 1st metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin Origin Fibula Insertion Distal phalanx of great toe Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery Insertion

Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Distal phalanx of great toe Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin Origin Fibula Insertion Middle and distal phalanges Action Extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery Insertion

Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Middle and distal phalanges Action Extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Lateral Leg Action Evert the foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Artery Supply Peroneal artery

Fibularis Longus Origin Insertion Origin Head of fibula Insertion Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries Insertion

Fibularis Longus Origin Head of fibula Insertion Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries

Fibularis Brevis Origin Insertion Origin Fibula Insertion 5th metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of peroneal artery Insertion

Fibularis Brevis Origin Fibula Insertion 5th metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of peroneal artery

Posterior Leg Action Plantarflex the foot and flex the toes Innervation Tibial nerve Artery Supply Posterior tibial vessels

Superficial Muscles Action Plantarflex the foot Innervation Tibial nerve Artery Supply Posterior tibial vessels

Gastrocnemius Origin Insertion Origin Medial and lateral femoral condyles Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle + flexor of the leg Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Sural branch of the popliteal artery Insertion

Gastrocnemius Origin Medial and lateral femoral condyles Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle + flexor of the leg Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Sural branch of the popliteal artery

Soleus Origin Insertion Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries Insertion

Soleus Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries

Deep Muscles Action Plantarflex the foot and flex toes Innervation Tibial nerve Artery Supply Posterior tibial artery

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin Origin Tibia Insertion Plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery Insertion

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin Tibia Insertion Plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery

Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin Origin Fibula Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe; helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery Insertion

Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe; helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery

Tibialis Posterior Origin Insertion Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Various locations at the base of foot Action Principal invertor of foot; adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries Insertion

Tibialis Posterior Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Various locations at the base of foot Action Principal invertor of foot; adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries