SKELETAL MUSCLE NOTES.

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Presentation transcript:

SKELETAL MUSCLE NOTES

Terms epi = upon peri = around endo = within or inner mys = muscle sarco = flesh lemma = husk fasci = bundle

Structure of skeletal muscle fiber

A sarcomere

Twizzler analogy Many packages of Twizzlers = Fascicle

Twizzler analogy 2 1 package of Twizzlers = Muscle fiber The packaging = Sarcolemma

Twizzler analogy 3 1 bundle of twizzlers = myofibril

Twizzler analogy 4 1 Twizzler strand = Filament

Terms associated with skeletal muscles Tendon- Attaches muscle to bone

Ligament- Attaches bone to bone

Origin- The location where the muscle is attached to the relatively immovable end of the bone

Insertion- end of the muscle that is attached to the movable bone

Prime mover- the muscle that provides most of the movement

Synergist- muscle that assists the prime mover

Antagonist- the muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover

Muscle Contraction

Neuromuscular Junction

Neuromuscular junction animation

Sliding Filament theory Boat = Myosin (thick filament) Oar = Myosin side arm Water = Actin (thin filament) Life ring = Calcium

Resting ATP is bound to myosin side arm. ATP cleaves into ADP + P (high energy)

Step 1 Action potential A nerve action potential releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft opening the Na+ channels. Action potential spreads across sarcolemma releasing Ca into sarcoplasma

Step 2 Myosin-actin binding Ca binds to troponin A shape change in troponin moves tropomyocin out of the way of actin binding site Actin and myosin bind using energy from cleaved ATP.

Step 3 Power Stroke Side arm pivots so myosin and actin slide by each other shortening the sarcomere. ADP and P released (low energy)

Step 4 ATP binding and actin-myosin release A different ATP molecule binds to active site. Actin released

Step 5 ATP cleavage Return to high energy state Cycle will repeat if Ca still available.

A few thoughts The boat (myosin) does not move far in one cycle, a muscle contraction requires many cycles What happens if ATP is not available? Muscle stays contracted- cramps Why does rigor mortis occur? ATP is not available to control Ca release so contractions are continuous 6-8 hours after death. Body relaxes 16-24 hours as enzymes break down contractile structures

Sarcomere summary

Final animation animation 2 Watch “Distonia: movie

Muscles of the Head

Anterior torso muscles

Posterior torso muscles

Anterior shoulder and arm

Anterior forearm

Anterior thigh

Lateral thigh

Posterior thigh