Sport Books Publisher1 Human Anatomy Chapter 2

Sport Books Publisher2 Table of Contents Introduction Terms and Concepts Worth Knowing –Anatomical Position –Directional Terms –Planes of the Body The Musculoskeletal System –Bones –Joints –Muscles

Sport Books Publisher3 Introduction: What is the Structure of My Body? Human Anatomy: The study of the structures that make up the human body, and how those structures relate to each other. Structure determines function: The structures of the human body are well-designed for efficient movement.

Sport Books Publisher4 Terms and Concepts Worth Knowing

Sport Books Publisher5 Anatomical Position

Sport Books Publisher6 –Legs straight –Heels, feet and great toes parallel to each other The starting reference point for describing the human body It is universally accepted It is used in all anatomical descriptions –Palms facing forward and the thumbs outward Description – Standing erect – Facing forward – Arms hanging at the sides

Sport Books Publisher7 Directional Terms

Sport Books Publisher8 Reminder: All directional terms are based on the assumption that the body is in the anatomical position.

Sport Books Publisher9 Lateral-Medial –Lateral – Away from the midline of the body Midline Lateral Medial – Medial – Towards the midline – E.g., Your ears are lateral to your cheeks and your cheeks are medial to your ears

Sport Books Publisher10 Distal-Proximal –Distal – Further from some specified region –Proximal – Closer to some specified region –E.g., With respect to trunk, the hands are distal to the arms and the arms are proximal to the hands. –E.g., With respect to nerves and blood vessels, proximal also means "toward the origin" and distal means "away from the origin". –E.g., Colon is the distal portion and stomach is the proximal portion of the digestive tube Thigh is proximal to the leg Leg is distal to the thigh Leg is proximal to the foot Foot is distal to the leg

Sport Books Publisher11 Anterior-Posterior –Anterior – In front of or front of your body Anterior Skeleton – Posterior – Behind or back of your body – E.g., Your lips are anterior to your teeth and your teeth are posterior to your lips Posterior Skeleton – E.g., In the anatomical position, your palms are facing the anterior of your body

Sport Books Publisher12 Superior-Inferior –Superior – Above The collar bone is superior to the rib cage – Inferior – Below – E.g., Your lips are superior to your chin and your chin is inferior to your lips The hip bone is inferior to the rib cage

Sport Books Publisher13 Supine –Lying on the back –E.g., when performing a bench press Prone – Lying face down – E.g., when preparing to perform a push-up