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Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 2  The Italian, Filipino, Greek, and Polish mother tongue groups show a high tendency to use English as their home language.  Persons with Creole, Arabic and Spanish are more likely to use French as their home language.  Speakers of a number of other languages (Chinese, Romanian, Vietnames, Russian, Persian, etc.) show strong tendencies to use their mother tongue as the home language. Demolinguistics Mother Tongue Languages Used at Home, 2011 Source: Research Team, Official Languages Support Programs, Canadian Heritage, based on data from the 2011 Census of Canada, 100% sample, Statistics Canada. Language concepts are Mother Tongue which refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census and Home Languages which are the languages used most often or regularly at home. Mother tongue counts include only those who reported a given language as their sole mother tongue. Multiple responses for home languages have been distributed equally among declared languages.

Research Team Official Language Support Programs Branch Department of Canadian Heritage January 24, 2013, Montreal, QC Intergenerational Change and Quebec’s English-speaking Communities

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 4 Contents Labour Force Activity (by Language and Generation) Unemployment levels Unemployment by region Out of the Labour Force Income (by Language and Generation) Low income level (less than $20k) High income level ($50k and over) Place-based Analysis of Key Socio-economic Characteristics Indices of Poverty and Socio-economic status

Labour Force Activity 5

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 6 Labour Force Activity Unemployment Rate

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 7  Among Anglophones over the age of 15 in Quebec, 8.8% were unemployed in  This level is much higher than that of the Francophone population in Quebec (mmi=1.33) and is higher than the levels reported by other Official- Language Minority Communities across the country (rgi-all olmc=1.13).  For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the level is much higher than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=1.39).  For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level is much higher than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=1.27). Labour Force Activity Unemployment Rate

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 8 Labour Force Activity Out of the Labour Force Rate

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 9  Among Anglophones over the age of 15 in Quebec, 35.4% are not in the labour force.  This level is fairly similar to that of the Francophone population in Quebec (mmi=1.02) and is fairly similar to the levels reported by other Official- Language Minority Communities across the country (rgi-all olmc=1.00).  For the younger half of the working age population (those aged 25-44), we find that the level is much higher than that of the Francophone population in this age group (mmi=1.42).  For the older half of the working age population (those aged 45-64), the level is lower than that of the Francophones in this age group (mmi=0.91). Labour Force Activity Out of the Labour Force

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 10 Quebec Anglophones Unemployment as a Minority-Majority Index Population 15+, by Region, 2006

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 11 Quebec Anglophones Unemployment as a Minority-Majority Index 65+ Age Group, by Region, 2006

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 12 Quebec Anglophones Unemployment as a Minority-Majority Index Age Group, by Region, 2006

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 13 Quebec Anglophones Unemployment as a Minority-Majority Index Age Group, by Region, 2006

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 14 Quebec Anglophones Unemployment as a Minority-Majority Index Age Group, by Region, 2006

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 15 Quebec Anglophones Unemployment as a Minority-Majority Index Population 15+, by Census Division, 2006

Income and Poverty 16

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities Across generations, it can be seen that older Anglophones (aged 65 and over) showed a lower tendency to have low incomes than do Quebec Francophones, other OLMCs in Canada or even the Canadian population as a whole. For the younger generations, this trend does not persist and English speakers aged and more likely to report low income than are the other groups. 17 Income Low Level (less than $20k)

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 18 Tendency to have low income (less than $20k) for cohort compared to majority in the region and to the provincial Anglophone cohort, 2006

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities Across generations, it can be seen that older Anglophones (aged 65 and over) showed a higher tendency to have higher incomes than do Quebec Francophones, other OLMCs in Canada or even the Canadian population as a whole. For the younger generations, this trend does not persist and English speakers aged and are much less likely to report high income than are the other gruoups. 19 Income High Level ($50k and over)

Indices of Poverty and Socioeconomic Status Province of Quebec and Montreal CMA 20

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 21 Socio-Economic Environment English Language Public System, 2010 Source: Research Team, Official Languages Support Programs, Canadian Heritage, based on data from the 2011 Census of Canada, 100% sample, Statistics Canada and MÉLS schools database.

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 22 Socio-economic Environment of English- Language Schools in the CMA of Montreal Source: Research Team, Official Languages Support Programs, Canadian Heritage, based on data from the 2011 Census of Canada, 100% sample, Statistics Canada and MÉLS schools database.

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 23 Incidence of Poverty in the Catchment Areas of English-Language Schools, Quebec Source: Research Team, Official Languages Support Programs, Canadian Heritage, based on data from the 2011 Census of Canada, 100% sample, Statistics Canada and MÉLS schools database.

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities 24 Incidence of Poverty in the Catchment Areas of English-Language Schools, Montreal CMA Source: Research Team, Official Languages Support Programs, Canadian Heritage, based on data from the 2011 Census of Canada, 100% sample, Statistics Canada and MÉLS schools database.

Intergenerational Change in Quebec’s English-speaking Communities William Floch Martin Durand Elias Abou-Rjeili Research Team Official Languages Support Programs Canadian Heritage 15-7, Eddy Gatineau (Quebec) K1A 0M5 Contact