THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1 Pink/Blue Dog/Cat Salt/Pepper Vanilla/Chocolate Home/Office Beach/Mountain Sedan/Sports Car Which item in each pair seems more masculine and which seems more feminine ?

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Chapter 11-Gender, Age & Health A person’s sex refers to the biological identity of that person. The biological characteristics are the same in all societies. 2

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 3 -the behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women. Gender Traits-the behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women. -the specific behaviors and attitudes that a society establishes for men and women. Gender Roles-the specific behaviors and attitudes that a society establishes for men and women. -awareness of being either masculine or feminine. This usually happens about five years old. Gender Identity-awareness of being either masculine or feminine. This usually happens about five years old.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 4 Gender Roles Gender Roles and SocializationSocialization In virtually all societies, gender socialization begins at birth and continues throughout life. Children learn American gender-role behaviors through socialization such as in the family or at school.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 5   Education –fewer women pursuing doctoral or professional degrees, and less funding for women’s college athletics. American Women- 11% Engineers, 25% Doctors, 29% Lawyers and Judges.   Employment – still a wage gap. 50% of Workforce are women. They are making just 77% what men earn. Women averaged $691 a week in Men- averaged $854 a week. Women in the World Today

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Politics- Women are underrepresented. Approximately 16.9% of elected offices are held by women. Countries in western Europe Politics- Women are underrepresented. Approximately 16.9% of elected offices are held by women. Countries in western Europe average 39%. average 39%. Sexism- the belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other. Sexism- the belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other. Quiz Quiz Quiz 6

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Gender Inequality in the U.S. The Women’s Movement  Convention at Seneca Falls, N.Y.1848 Susan B. Anthony- pushed for equal rights giving women greater rights in some states.  19 th Amendment-1920 Granted Suffrage- the right for women to vote. 7

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Women’s Movement- continued  The Book “Feminine Mystique” by Betty Friedan Rejected the notion that women were content with the roles of wife and mother. Sparked women to demand greater education opportunities and fairer treatment at work.  Equal Rights Amendment-1972 Equal Rights Amendment-1972 Equal Rights Amendment-1972 Won approval of Congress and ratified by 38 states but fell 3 states short of becoming part of the Constitution. NOW-National Organization for Women. 8

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Women’s Movement- continued  Title IX of the Education Amendment Act Title IX of the Education Amendment Act Title IX of the Education Amendment Act Bars discrimination on basis of gender in any program at any educational institution receiving federal funds. It increased opportunities for women to participate in sports. Patriarchy- system in which men are dominant over women. 9

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 10 The Aging World  Economic Effects – rising cost of health care, cost of Social Security; burden to family and younger workers; living longer in retirement  Political Effects – becoming a stronger political force; organized voting bloc, focusing on health care, retirement, and Social Security Section 2: Age and Disability

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Mickey Mouse Monopoly Disney, Childhood and Corporate Power Race, Gender & Class 11

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 12 Aging and Life Changes of Older American  Some people claim that government transfer payments like Social Security have made older Americans financially secure at the expense of younger generations. Established in  Older Americans have to deal with poverty, disabilities, prejudice, and discrimination  Older Americans have become a political force and a topic of debate thus bringing greater attention to Social Security and Medicare Section 2: Age and Disability

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Age & Disability  Ageism- the belief that one age category is by nature superior to another age category. Most often directed toward elderly people. Seen as a stereotype. Ageism  World’s population is aging. There are approximately 606 million people aged 60 and older worldwide. Estimated that by 2050 this number will be almost 2 billion.  Graying of America-In the U.S. by in 5 Americans will be elderly. 13

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 14 Baby- Boom Generation- Approximately 76 million children were born in the U.S. from Largest segment of the American population. Baby- Boom Generation- News Report-Retiring in Austin Dependency Ratio- the number of workers for each person receiving social security benefits. Medicare- government sponsored health insurance plan for elderly Americans and Americans with disabilities. Medicaid- state and federally funded health insurance program for low income individuals.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 15 Americans with Disabilities History of Prejudice and Discrimination  Education for All Handicapped Children Act- guaranteed child with disabilities a public education geared towards their needs and abilities.  Fair Housing Amendments Act-  the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)- addresses Employment, Public Services, Public Accommodations and Telecommunications

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 16 Health Care in the U.S.  Focuses on 3 Main Issues:  Cost of Health Care – concern over the rapid rise in health care costs  Quality of Health Care – some believe that managed care has decreased the quality of health care  Access to Health Care – distribution of physicians, both geographically and within the medical profession, has limited accessibility to health care Section 3: Health

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 17 Health Care Concerns Today  Health Insurance – unequal health care exists between public and private insurance programs  Alternative Medicine – is a concern because there are few scientific studies on the effectiveness of alternative treatments  AIDS – has developed into one of the most serious public-health problems in the U.S. and around the world in just two decades Section 3: Health