Big Idea XVII: Interdependence ADAPTATIONS Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist Dr. Millard Lightburn. Science Supervisor Department of Mathematics and Science

Big Idea XVII: Interdependence SC.5.L.17.1 Compare and contrast adaptations displayed by animals and plants that enable them to survive in different environments such as life cycles variations, animal behaviors and physical characteristics. AA SC.5.L.15.1 Describe how, when the environment changes, differences between individuals allow some plants and animals to survive and reproduce while others die or move to new locations. Assessed as SC.5.L.17.1 SC.4.L.16.2 Explain that although characteristics of plants and animals are inherited, some characteristics can be affected by the environment. Assessed as SC.5.L.17.1 Department of Mathematics and Science

Hold your thumbs against your palms and then untie and tie their shoes. If you don’t have laces, write your name on a sheet of paper. Were these tasks easy or hard?

Adaptations Adaptations What are Adaptations?Adaptations Special structures or characteristics that make an organism more suited for its environment. Let’s Explore Some Adaptations Legs: long, colored Feet: webbed, colored, Wings: wide, narrow, water-proofed Tails: long, short, special design- angle out Beaks: straight, curved, spoon-like, spear shaped Department of Mathematics and Science

What is a Bird? A warm-blooded, vertebrate with feathers that… Lays eggs Lives almost everywhere, from the warm, wet regions like the Florida Everglades to frozen ice packs of Antarctica, from deserts like the Sahara to the vast oceans - Atlantic, Pacific, or Artic Eats everything from wild fruit to fish Has a variety of adaptations Department of Mathematics and Science

What body structure or “tool” do birds use for eating? Birds have a unique multi-functional survival tool known as beaks. A beak is a lightweight, bony elongation of the skull. The beak is covered with keratin, the same material found in human hair and fingernails. The tips and edges of the beak are constantly renewed as they wear away just as human hair and nails are. Department of Mathematics and Science

Did you ever wonder why there are so many types of bird beaks? Let’s find out… Animal Adaptations: Structure of Bird Beaks: Extreme Beaks!Extreme Beaks!Extreme Beaks!Extreme Beaks! Birds and Their BeaksBirds and Their BeaksBirds and Their BeaksBirds and Their Beaks Department of Mathematics and Science

Essential Lab #12 Part A: Bird Beak Problem Statement: Which tool will picks up the most food models? Hypothesis: If ____________ (tool) is used to pick up the tested food models, then ___________tool will pick up the most food models. Safety Reminder: Use safety precautions (DO NOT EAT ANY FOOD!) Department of Mathematics and Science

Bird Beak Buffet Procedures 1. Pretend each member of the group represents a bird with a different kind of beak (clothespin/tongs, toothpick/chopstick, scissors, plastic spoon, eye dropper). Each bird will attempt to eat five different types of food models: Gummy worms buried in paper grass. (Station 1) Styrofoam “fish” pieces floating in a pan of water (Station 2) Round ¾” stickers (flesh) adhered to a piece of cardboard (carcass) (Station 3) Tall cylinder filled with water “nectar” (Station 4) Marbles or uncooked macaroni elbows “snails” (Station 5) 2. Hold your beak (selected tool) in one hand and place the other hand behind your back unless otherwise noted below. Department of Mathematics and Science

Bird Beak Buffet Procedures 3. Use only one hand at all times to operate beaks. Beaks will be used as follows: Clothespin/Tongs – Hold the clothespin at the very end so it can be opened as wide as possible. Use only one hand to operate the clothespin. Toothpick/wooden skewer – Use the toothpick/ skewer only as a spear to capture food and not as a scoop. Use one hand to hold the toothpick and only one finger of the other hand to push food off the toothpick. Scissors – Use the scissors like tweezers. Do not use them as a spear or a scoop. Use only one hand to operate the scissors. Spoon – Use only one hand to hold the spoon as a scoop for food. Eye Dropper – use only one hand to press and release the rubber bulb. Department of Mathematics and Science

Bird Beak Buffet Procedures 4. Use a plastic cup for the bird’s stomach. It should be near the food source and standing upright, but it should not be touched at any other time while eating food. 5. Listen for the teacher’s signal. You must compete for as much of the food as you can gather with your “beak” in 10 seconds. Your survival depends on your ability to gather food. 6. Place food as it gathered in your plastic “stomach” cup. When time is up, you should empty the plastic cup, count the number of “food” in the cup, and share the data with your group members. 7.Collect the data. 8. Repeat step 5 for each type of food available/station, once every member of the group has taken a turn. Department of Mathematics and Science

Remember: Rules for food collecting: Food can only be collected using your beak. Your free hand cannot assist with food collecting. Food cannot be taken from someone else’s cup. Department of Mathematics and Science

Bird Beak Investigation Class Summary “Beak” Tool Groups Trial __ Amount of Food Collected Station 1 Gummy “Worms” Station 2 Styrofoam Pieces “Fish” Station 3 Cardboard & Stickers “Carcass & Flesh” Station 4 Cylinder with H 2 O “Nectar” Station 5 Marbles “Snails” Plastic Spoon Toothpick Or Single chopstick Clothespin Or Tongs Scissors Eye dropper Department of Mathematics and Science

Data Analysis (math connection) Create a bar graph with data collected (use each group’s data collected Trials 1 - _ ) Include each type of beak and the number of food items eaten and the amount of nectar in mL. Label the x-axis and y-axis. Be sure to include a title for the graph. (Remember to use a Key if necessary). (Science Journal entry) Department of Mathematics and Science

Results and Conclusions 1.What was investigated? 2.Was your hypothesis supported by the data? 3.What are 2 constants in this experiment (things kept the same)? 4.Look at the graph. What information can you learn from the data the class gathered? 5.What is the most interesting discovery you made from the graph? 6.List 3 questions that you can answer using the graph (make believe you are the teacher). (Science Journal entry) Department of Mathematics and Science

Look at the beaks depicted below and answer the following questions: A. What tool performs a similar function as this beak? B. What type of food is this beak adapted for collecting? Department of Mathematics and Science

How Do Inherited Traits Differ from Learned Behaviors? How Do Inherited Traits Differ from Learned Behaviors? Inherited or instinctive traits are… Traits or behaviors that an animal inherits from its parents Learned Behaviors are … behaviors that an animal develops by observing other animals or being taught. Department of Mathematics and Science

Brief-Constructed Response Inherited Traits and Learned Behaviors Like all animals, kittens have both inherited and learned behaviors and traits. Tell whether each behavior or trait is inherited or learned. Explain how you know. 1.A kitten pounces on a moving toy, even though it has not seen another cat do this. 2.A kitten learns how to use a litter box by watching its mother. A mother cat grooms its kitten. 3.After several weeks, the kitten starts to groom itself. 4.A kitten has black fur and green eyes. Department of Mathematics and Science

Schoolyard Field Study: Hiding in Plain Sight Hiding in Plain Sight In this investigation, You will think about what helps organisms hide in their habitats. You will go on a field study to look for organisms hiding outdoors. Materials: Per group:  Colored construction paper  Scissors  Notebooks and pencils  Clear tape  Thin-line markers  Gloves  Hand lens For the whole class:  White sheet ()  Collecting net Department of Mathematics and Science

Safety Precautions When on a field investigation:  Put on gloves before touching soil, plants, or animals.  Wash your hands when you get back to class.  Be careful when touching plants and animals. Some plants can cause a rash, and some animals may bite. Do NOT touch real animals larger than an insect or small fish.  If you are turning over a rock, stand back until you can see what is underneath.  Be careful when putting your hand into a bush or when walking through tall grass. Thorns, brambles, and animals may be hidden inside. Department of Mathematics and Science

Use your Science notebook to respond 1.What observations did you make during the field study? 2.What did you learn about organisms adapting to their environments? Department of Mathematics and Science

Why Is Adaptation Important for Survival? Why Is Adaptation Important for Survival? Environments change over time. Species must develop traits that help them survive the changes. Species develop these traits through adaptation. Species that cannot adapt to environmental changes must either move or die.traits Department of Mathematics and Science

Analysis and Conclusions 1.In the classroom “habitat,” what helped some fish hide better than others? 2.What other traits help animals to survive? 3.What organisms did you observe during the field study? Give at least two examples. 4.What features helped each organism adapt to its environment? Think about color, size, and body parts. Organism #1 Organism #2 Department of Mathematics and Science

Adaptation Constructed Response Adaptation Constructed Response African elephants are easy to identify. They are large animals with wrinkly skin and a trunk. They also have large ears. The elephants’ habitat is very hot. When an elephant’s blood circulates through the elephant’s ears, extra heat leaves the elephant’s body. In this way, the elephants’ big ears help the elephants stay cool. A The ears of elephants are example of an adaptation. How did large ears first appear? What might have happened to the elephants that did not have large ears? B. Explain why elephants living today all have large ears. Department of Mathematics and Science

1. Which is not a demonstration of adaptation? A) a bird building a nest B) birds flying south C) bears hibernating D) a lion hunting for food Department of Mathematics and Science

2. When winter causes food to be scarce some animals travel to a place where more plants and animals live. This is called ____________. A) hibernating B) camoflauging C) migrating D) mimicry Department of Mathematics and Science