Roman Imperial Coin Imagery as Political Propaganda

Vespasian AD Silver Denarius "Vespasian, the ruler of the world." Obv: IMP CAES VESP AVG CEN - Laureate head right. Rev: SALVS AVG - Salus seated left, holding patera. Rome mint: Aug-Dec AD 73

Titus Den “Annona” Titus (struck under Vespasian as Caesar) AD Silver Denarius “Vespasian and Titus insure food is on the table of all Roman households.” Obv: T CAESAR VESPASIANVS - Laureate head right. Rev: ANNONA AVG – Annona seated left, holding bundle of corn ears. Rome mint: AD 78-79

Domitian AD Silver Denarius "My years of service to Rome." Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M TR P XI - Laureate head right. Rev: IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P - Minerva standing left, holding spear and thunderbolt; shield rests at back of her leg. Rome mint: AD 92

Trajan AD "As we enter into our campaigns remember, victory marches with Trajan." Obv: IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM - Laureate head right. Rev: P M TR P COS IIII P P - Victory standing to the front, her head turned left, holding wreath and palm. Rome mint: AD 100

Hadrian AD Silver Denarius "Hadrian gives: you should too!" Obv: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS - Bare head right, drapery on left shoulder. Rev: LIBERALITAS AVG COS III P P - Liberalitas standing right, emptying cornucopia. Rome mint: AD

Hadrian AD Silver Denarius "Hispania is a great land within the empire-both I and Trajan before me, hailed from there.” Obv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P - Laureate bust right, draped. Rev: HISPANIA– Hispania reclining left, holding branch and resting left elbow on rock Rome mint: AD

"Ageless & Timeless Egypt" Hadrian AD “Egypt” Obv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP - Bare head right Rev: AEGYPTOS - Egypt reclining left, left elbow on snake wrapped basket and holding a sistrum in her right hand; at feet, an Ibis. Rome mint: AD

“Left facing bust of Sabina” Hadrian AD "The emperor and empress work for the good of the Romans as one spirit united in purpose" Obv: SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI AVG PP - Diademed bust left, draped Rev: CONCORDIA AVG – Concordia seated left, holding patera in right hand and leaning elbow on back of chair arm shaped like Spes, while beneath her is an erect cornucopia. Rome mint: AD 129

Sabina "Standing Juno" Hadrian AD "Juno, reigns." Obv: SABINA AVGVSTA - Diademed bust right, draped. Rev: IVNONI REGINAE - Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter. Rome mint: AD 134

"Clasped hands" WORTHY Antoninus Pius AD Silver Denarius "Behold the power of cooperation within the office of Augustus." Obv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P - Laureate head right. Rev: COS IIII - Clasped hands over corn ears and caduceus. Rome mint: AD

Faustina "Augusta-Ceres" Antoninus Pius AD 138-(141 Faustina) 161 "My wife, our Augusta, she now walks with the Gods." Obv: DIVA FAVSTINA - Bust draped right. Rev: AVGVSTA - Ceres standing left, holding a torch and a scepter. Rome mint: AD 141

Temple in Roman Forum first dedicated to Diva Faustina and restructured to include the added dedication to Antoninus after his later death.

Marcus Aurelius AD "My 15th year and now Augustus." Obv: IMP M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG - Bare head right. Rev: PROV DEOR TR P XV COS III - Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia. Rome mint: March AD 161 to Dec AD 161

"Annona" Marcus Aurelius AD "Sharing the wealth of empire with our citizens is good government" Obv: ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIAVS - Laureate head right Rev: PM TR P XIX IMP II COS III- Annona standing left, emptying contents of cornucopia using both hands into a modius at left at feet.. Rome mint: Dec AD 164 to Aug AD 165

Septimius Severus Ad "Septimius and imperial family tour Carthage and North Africa. While there, they sponsor the construction of a new aqueduct to serve the growing port city of Carthage in AD 204." Obv: SEVERVS PIVS AVG - Laureate head right. Rev - INDVLGENTIA AVGG - Dea Caelestis riding right on lion over water gushing from rock to the left: she holds a thunderbolt and scepter. Exe: IN CARTH Rome mint: AD 204

Septimius Severus AD "Our fate rests with the stars" Obv: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II - Laureate head right Rev: SAECV FELICIT - Crescent and seven stars Emesa mint: AD

Septimius Severus AD "Let freedom ring across the land." Obv: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP II - Laureate head right. Rev: LIBERO PATRI - Bacchus (Liber) standing left, holding oenochoe (wine-cup) over leopard on left and thyrsus in other hand. Rome mint: AD 194

Caracalla AD “I've experienced ‘the force of the unconquered Sun’ in this, my 18th year in the east.” Obv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM – Laureate head right. Rev: PM TR P XVIII COS IIII P P - Sol standing left, holding right hand up in salute and globe. Rome mint: AD 215

Caracalla AD "A strong leader has the support of Mars." Obv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG - Laureate head right. Rev: PONTIF TR P VIIII COS II - Mars standing left, holding reversed spear and resting right hand on shield. Rome mint: AD 206

Geta AD "The happiness of the citizenry." Obv: P SEPT GETA CAES PONT - Laureate bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: FELICITAS PVBLICA - Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. Rome mint: AD 203

Geta AD "Geta takes his vow to serve the people of Rome." Obv: GETA CAES PONT COS - Bare head bust right, draped. Rev: VOTA PVBLICA - Geta veiled, standing left, holding patera over tripod altar, sacrificing. Rome mint: AD 205

Julia Domna AD "Love conquers all." Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA - Bareheaded bust left, draped. Rev: VENVS VICTRIX - Venus standing front, head left with outstretched right hand holding helmet and left elbow leaning on column and holding palm; at feet, left, a shield. Rome mint: AD 210 Julia Domna --- wife of Septimius and mother of Geta and Caracalla

Philip I Ant "Roma, the eternal" Philip I "the Arab" AD "I have brought eternal peace to Rome, the eternal city." Obv: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG - Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: ROMAE AETERNAE - Roma sitting left, holding Victory and scepter. Rome mint: AD 247

Urbs Roma AE3 "Wolf and twins" Constantine I "the Great" AD "A commemoration of the city of Rome." Obv: VRBS ROMA - Helmeted bust of Roma left, cuirassed. Rev: no legend - Wolf and twins Romulus and Remus, above are two stars. Exe: SMTS (epsilon) Thessalonica mint: AD

Constantine I "the Great" AD AE3 "Rome's glorious army." Obv: CONSTAN- TINVS MAX AVG - Rosette-diademed bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: GLOR- IA EXERC-ITVS - Two Soldiers standing to the front, their heads turned inward at two standards between them, each holds a spear and leans on a shield. Exe: (dot) CONSB (dot) Constantinople mint: AD

Constantine I AE4 “Hand of God” Constantine I "the Great" AD AE4 "Constantine, the 13th apostle, goes to heaven." Obv: - DV CONSTANTI-NVS PTAVGG- Veiled bust draped and cuirassed right. Rev: no legend - Constantine quadriga right, the hand of God, upper center, grasps him to heaven. Exe: SMH (epsilon) Heraclea mint: AD