Mnemonics O Every wonder how those "geniuses" memorize all the digits of pi or huge lists of names and dates? Chances are, they don't have superior memories; they use memory tricks. Here are psychological tricks that you can use to strengthen your memory.

Mnemonics O Imagery O Linking your notes to pictures in your head lets you learn the facts in two ways instead of just one. So, when you're trying to remember something, picture it in your head. The sillier the picture, the better! O Method of Loci O If you have to study a list, imagine this scene in your head. You are walking through a familiar location, say your dorm hallway or your house, and every few steps, you have to pick up one of the items of the list. When you have to recall the list, simply call this scene to mind. O Hierarchies O Go through your notes and reorganize the information into a set of outlines. Write big headings and then list relevant information underneath. Make different levels, each level getting more specific. In this way, you'll learn information in related groups, instead of trying to piece it together from ten different places in your notes.

Mnemonics O Relevance O You remember information best when you associate it with yourself. When you're studying, try to link each concept to something personally relevant to you, even if it wouldn't make much sense to someone else. In psychology, think of examples from your own life that fit the concepts. In science, think of the atoms of cells as your friends doing everyday actions that mimic cellular functions. O Study Style O Some people learn best by hearing information, some by seeing it, some by writing it. Mix and match. Write your notes over to reorganize them. Visualize concepts in your head or draw pictures. Read the information aloud. O Teaching O Teaching someone else is a great way to learn, because it forces you to explain the information in your own words. Grab a willing friend and explain your notes to them, or talk out loud and explain the notes to yourself.

Using Your Whole Mind OThe key idea is that by coding information using vivid mental images, you can reliably code both information and the structure of information. And because the images are vivid, they are easy to recall when you need them. OThe techniques explained later on in this section show you how to code information vividly, using stories, strong mental images, familiar journeys, and so on.

Using Your Whole Mind OYou can do the following things to make your mnemonics more memorable: OUse positive, pleasant images. Your brain often blocks out unpleasant ones. OUse vivid, colorful, sense-laden images. OUse all your senses to code information or dress up an image. Remember that your mnemonic can contain sounds, smells, tastes, touch, movements and feelings as well as pictures. OGive your image three dimensions, movement and space to make it more vivid. You can use movement either to maintain the flow of association, or to help you to remember actions. OExaggerate the size of important parts of the image. OUse humor! OSimilarly, rude rhymes are very difficult to forget! OSymbols (red traffic lights, pointing fingers, road signs, etc.) can code quite complex messages quickly and effectively.

Designing Mnemonics OThe three fundamental principles underlying the use of mnemonics are imagination, association and location. Working together, you can use these principles to generate powerful mnemonic systems. OImagination OWhat you use to create and strengthen the associations needed to create effective mnemonics. OYour imagination is what you use to create mnemonics that are potent for you. OThe more strongly you imagine and visualize a situation, the more effectively it will stick in your mind for later recall. OThe imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or sensual as you like, as long as it helps you to remember.

Designing Mnemonics OAssociation - this is the method by which you link a thing to be remembered to a way of remembering it. OPlacing things on top of each other. OCrashing things together. OMerging images together. OWrapping them around each other. ORotating them around each other or having them dancing together. OLinking them using the same color, smell, shape, or feeling. OAs an example, you might link the number 1 with a goldfish by visualizing a 1-shaped spear being used to spear it.

Designing Mnemonics OLocation: gives you two things: a coherent context into which you can place information so that it hangs together, and a way of separating one mnemonic from another. OBy setting one mnemonic in a particular town, I can separate it from a similar mnemonic set in a city. For example, by setting one in Wimbledon and another similar mnemonic with images of Manhattan, we can separate them with no danger of confusion. OYou can build the flavors and atmosphere of these places into your mnemonics to strengthen the feeling of location.

Mnemonic Examples O Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally O ROY G BIV O Never Eat Soggy Waffles O My Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets O What are some that you use?