H. Fritzsch. quantum chromo dynamics electroweak gauge theory.

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Presentation transcript:

H. Fritzsch

quantum chromo dynamics electroweak gauge theory

Special quantum relativity mechanics

Standard Theory particle physics

1936 => matter atoms electrons + nuclei

Proton Electron

nucleus protons neutrons

electric force strong force

1935 Heisenberg / Pauli

1935 strong interactions - meson exchange - Hideki Yukawa meson

mass: 140 MeV nucleon

1932 Heisenberg Isospin

pions: triplet eta: singlet

weak decay  elm. decay 

LBL Berkeley Golden gate

1953 pion nucleon

delta quadruplet 1230 MeV

 1 discovery of new particles in cosmic rays Hyperons K-mesons

pair production

6 hyperons

8 baryons

new mesons

8 mesons

strangeness conserved in processes of strong interactions

strangeness not conserved in processes of weak interactions

S conserved elm. process S=-2  S=-1

8 baryons

8 mesons => octet

Isospin breaking about 1% _______________________________ SU(3)-symmetry breaking about 20% !

Group theory

U(n) group of complex unitary n x n matrices SU(n) n x n matrices det U = 1

U = exp (iH) H: Hermitean n x n matrix

det U = exp i (trH) SU(n): det U = 1 tr H = 0

SU(n) (n x n-1) generators SU(2): 3 SU(3): 8 SU(4): 15 SU(5): 24

structure constants

 quarks triplet  fundamental representation

quark triplet

steps p / q irreducible representations

each state is described by 3 numbers:

1232 MeV 1530 MeV 1385 MeV Decuplet ???

Decuplet ?

mesons singlets, octets baryons singlets, octets, decuplets triplets? sextets?

77

Three quarks for Muster Mark! Finnegans Wake, page 383

Three quarks for Muster Mark! Drei Mark für Musterquark!

SU(3)

Symmetry breaking quark masses m(u)=m(d)=m(s)  SU(3) unbroken

m(u): 5 MeV m(d): 7 MeV m(s): 110 MeV  SU(3) broken

m(u): 5 MeV m(d): 7 MeV m(d) > m(u)  isospin broken by quark masses m(neutron) > m(proton) !!!

87

strangeness: - minus number of strange quarks !

91

104

105

scaling behaviour cross section

partons quarks

112

current commutators near the light cone abstracted from free quark model  explains scaling behaviour

114

115 1 x x = quark-momentum / proton-momentum Expected: x => 1/3

observed

1974 : SPEAR Stanford

J/ψ

electron-positron-annihilation J/ψ: 3,1 GeV

c: Charm - Quark

D-mesons ( masses ~ 1870 MeV )

D-mesons decay: weak interactions

1977 Fermilab discovery Y „upsilon“

upsilon meson (ϒ) 9.46 GeV ϒ=ϒ=

128

discovery of t-quark

CDF-detector

t-quark gold atom

t-quark decay very fast no time to form a hadron => No T-mesons No T-baryons