National Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan By Nadeem Ahmed Abro NDMA, 12th Oct’ 2011 1

My Country History Administrative Division 170 Million people Religion 97% Muslims, (77 % Sunni, 20% Shi'a), Others 3% Parliamentary Democracy Economy US$1200 Per capita Income GDP Size is approximately over US$165 Billion

DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan’s Disaster Context Diverse topographical features 4

Pakistan’s Disaster Context Climatic variations from tropical to temperate with rainfall as little as less than 1˝ to over 150˝ a year 5

Pakistan’s Disaster Context Uneven population density 6

Pakistan’s Disaster Context Unplanned development in hazard prone areas 7

Pakistan’s Disaster Context Poverty feeds into vulnerability 8

Pakistan’s Disaster Context Pressure on national resources 9

Hazards and Disaster 10

Hazards in Pakistan Natural Droughts Earthquakes Floods Tsunami Avalanches Landslides Cyclones/Storms Glacial Lake Outbursts Human Induced Transport Accidents Oil Spills Urban Fires Internal Displacements Industrial Accidents 11

GENESIS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN 12

Genesis of System Calamity Act 1958 existed in Pakistan which was mainly concerned with reactive emergency response Emergency Relief Cell (ERC) Relief Commissioner Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) World Conference on Disaster Reduction (18 - 22 Jan 05, Japan) adopted Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015 HFA recognized “Disaster Risk Management” as an important element for achieving internationally agreed goals Pakistan, along with 168 other nations, is a signatory to the HFA 13

Genesis of System EQ 2005 - Incapacities of existing system came to fore Reactive approach - Relief oriented Lack of coordination and centralized control Law not all encompassing National Disaster Management Ordinance, promulgated in Dec 2006, which was later on passed by the Parliament as National Disaster Management Act-2010. The NDMA is in the process of formulating the Disaster Management Rules under the NDM Act, 2010. 14

Institutionalize Structure NDRF NDMC DDMAs NDMA (NEOC) PDMCs Stake Holders PDMAs (PEOC) NIDM 15

Stake Holders 16

New System - Features Paradigm shift (reactive to proactive approach) One window operation Centralized planning and decentralized execution Disaster management - devolved subject Directly responsible to political leadership Ownership Dedicated resources Powerful law Deals all four spectrums of disaster management 17

Disaster Management Spectrum Reconstruction Response Recovery & Rehabilitation Mitigation & Preparedness DM Spectrum 18

Functions and Responsibilities 19

NDMA’s Mandate To act as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring body for disaster management (Article 9 of NDM Act 2010) 20

NDMA’s Mandate - Disaster Management Managing the complete disaster spectrum, including Preparedness; Response; Recovery and Rehabilitation; and Reconstruction (Article 2.c of NDM Act 2010)

Functions - NDMA Act as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring body for disaster management Implement, coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National policy Lay down guidelines for preparing disaster management plans by different Ministries or Departments and the Provincial Authorities Provide necessary technical assistance to Provinces for preparing their disaster management plans 22

Functions - NDMA Coordination with the United Nations agencies, international organizations and governments of foreign countries Establish institutions for research, training, and developmental programmes in the field of disaster management Extend such support to other countries affected by major disaster as it may deem appropriate 23

Organization Structure Chairman Staff Officer Strategic Plan Unit Member Disaster Risk Reduction Member Operations Member Support & Services Disaster Risk Reduction-1 Response Coordination and Information Management Disaster Risk Reduction-2 Recovery & Re-habitation IT Sectoral Specialists Logistic Admin & Procurement Project Units National Operation Center Finance 24

DM Organization Structure Line Ministries/ Division UN/ Donors Humanitarian Media Implementation Partners Local Representatives Line Deptts PDMA/ FDMA SDMA/GBDMA ICT DMC DDMA NDMA (NEOC) NDMC Div (DDMC) Corps (CDMC) JSHQ GHQ NHQ AHQ 25

Institutional Arrangements Enactment of National Disaster Management Act 2010 which provide for following institutional arrangements Disaster Management Commissions at National (NDMC) and Provincial/regional levels (PDMC) Disaster Management Authorities at National (NDMA), Provincial/regional (PDMA) and District (DDMA) level National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF) National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) 26

Institutional Arrangements National Disaster Risk Management Framework (NDMRF) Developed through an extensive consultative process involving all stakeholders and approved by NDMC on 5 March, 2007 Framework identified following NINE PRIORITY areas for national capacity development Institution and legal arrangements for DRM Hazard and vulnerability assessment Training, education and awareness Disaster risk management planning 27

Institutional Arrangements Community and local level programming Multi hazard early warning system Mainstreaming DRR into development Emergency response system Capacity development for post disaster recovery 28

Why DRR Important for Pakistan Pakistan a disaster prone country – compounded by frequency and nature of disaster Erosion of Economic Growth and Social Capital Unsustainable Development – Pakistan a developing country with emphasis on infrastructure development Difficult to achieve Poverty Reduction Goals 5 Years Since then: 2 Cyclones 2 Floods 2 Earthquakes 2 Land Slides 1 Complex Emergency 29

Why DRR Important for Pakistan Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters Statistical Review 2006, Brussels, May 2007

Why DRR Important for Pakistan 1956 -2006 Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) – Annual Disasters Statistical Review 2006

Progress Under New System of DM National Risk Assessment National hazard and risk assessment Being carried out - Will serve as key baseline document for DRR planning at the national/provincial/local level Assessment expected to be completed by end 2012 Pilot project of Hazard, Livelihood and Vulnerability (HLV) baseline assessment completed in 10 districts EQ risk assessments completed in Muzaffarabad, Mansehra, Murree, Quetta & Chitral. Exercise aimed at integrating EQ vulnerability reduction into development plans and schemes Risk assessment of Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding (GLOF) completed in Gilgit district of Gilgit-Baltistan 32

Progress Under New System of DM Training, Education & Awareness Specialized training courses organized on Flood/ EQ/Drought/Coastal Hazards Mitigation, DRR Mainstreaming and Disaster Risk Communication Trainings for professionals for EQ resistant housing conducted Following knowledge products/ training manuals developed and disseminated Guidelines for earthquake safer construction Seismic retrofitting manual for buildings Seismic hazard assessment Disaster reporting manual 33

Progress Under New System of DM Training, Education & Awareness Earthquake mitigation manual Drought mitigation manual Flood mitigation manual Cyclone mitigation manual DRR mainstreaming manual Disaster risk management manual School safety material on DRM 34

Progress Under New System of DM Promoting Disaster Risk Management Planning Five Provincial/State, National Disaster Response Plan and thirty District DRM plans prepared Contingency plans developed: Monsoon Winter Marine Industrial and Chemical disasters Cyclone Draft Tsunami Contingency Plan ready for consultations 35

Progress Under New System of DM Community & Local Level DRR Programming Provision of technical human resource to all PDMAs and DRM Coordinators to 29 most vulnerable DDMAs Key CBDRM activities include DRM network for disaster response formulated in 11 districts Tsunami evacuation drills in costal areas of Balochistan and Sindh provinces Draft action plan for school safety for Sindh and Balochistan developed Union council level DRM for pilot union councils developed 36

Progress Under DRM Multi-hazard Early warning System Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) established in 48 districts Tsunami early warning system established and tide gauges installed; Training for seismic data collection and tide gauge maintenance also imparted Drought early warning system and mitigation projects implemented in Tharparkar District Indigenous knowledge based early warning indicators for drought developed 37

Progress Under DRM Mainstreaming DRR into Development The initiative is currently on-going in following ten ministries: Planning Commission of Pakistan Ministry of Housing and Works Ministry of Water and Power Ministry of Industries and Production Ministry of Defense Ministry of Communication Ministry of Environment (Devolved) Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Devolved) Ministry of Education (Devolved) Ministry of Health (Devolved) 38

Progress Under DRM Mainstreaming DRR into Development A chapter on DRR by the Planning Commission of Pakistan. The proposed chapter will be made part of the five years development plan after consensus by provincial authorities Under this component, guidelines on DRR for preparation of development project proposals (Infrastructure, Social and Production Sectors) have been prepared & circulated Seismic concerns have been mainstreamed into the curricula of Civil Engineering Diploma 39

Progress Under DRM Emergency Response System US&R Team Three teams formed (CDA, City District Government Karachi and Pak Army) Two are planned to be raised (Chitral and GB) Programme for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER), Phase III has been started 26 District Disaster Resource Centers (DDRCs) have been established in most vulnerable districts DRM training being imparted to doctors and paramedical staff 40

Progress Under DRM Capacity Development for Post Disaster Recovery Strategic Planning Unit (SPU) of NDMA currently providing technical backstopping to all involved in post-flood early recovery activities SPU’s Sectoral experts have produced the following documents Pak Flood and Early Recovery Response Plan 2010 Sectoral strategies on Agriculture, Community Restoration, WASH, Shelter, Education, Health and Information Management and Monitoring Early Recovery Strategic Framework and Gap Analysis Re-construction related outputs 41

Bilateral/Regional Initiative SAARC Natural Disaster Rapid Response Mechanism being devised South Asian Disaster knowledge network (web based portal) China Joint Pak-China Flood Management Mechanism Cooperation in Disaster Management Australia Expansion of CBDRM programme Support to NIDM 42

Bilateral/Regional Initiative Tripartite (Pakistan-Afghanistan-Turkey) cooperation in disaster management Cooperation with ADPC on DRM UNISDR regional initiative on one million safer school Expansion of CBDRM programme through World Bank Capacity building programme through JICA Cooperation with IFRC on mainstreaming IDRL guidelines through Rules under NDM Act, 2010. 43

Disaster Response Floods 2007 - Sindh and Balochistan Flash Floods 2008 - NWFP Earthquake 2008 - Balochistan (Ziarat) Food Crisis 2008 Land Slide 2010 - Attabad (Hunza, GB) Avalanches 2010 - Kohistan Kyrgyzstan Operation (Pak Students) - June 2010 Tropical Cyclone (Phat) 2010 - Balochistan and Sindh Air Blue Crash July 2010 Floods 2010 Floods 2011 (in progress) 44

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QUESTIONS ?

Hazards in Pakistan Predictable Floods Droughts Tsunami Cyclones/Storms Un-Predictable Earthquakes Avalanches Landslides Glacial Lake Outbursts Accidents of all types 49

Analysis of Natural Disasters in Pakistan (1987-2006) # Disaster Type People Homeless People Killed People Injured People affected Total affected Total Damage 000$ % Ranking 1 Wind Storm 22,597 11,654 1,183 1,057,000 1,080,780 4,100 2 6 Earth-quake 2,853,585 142,812 88,096 1,294,429 4,236,110 5,019,255 8 3 Flood 8,927,685 11,702 1,262 38,669,447 47,598,394 2,746,030 86 4 Land Slides 3,100 384 114 200 3,414 - 7 5 Famine 300,000 Epidemic 283 211 16,275 16,486 Extreme Temp 1,406 324 250 574 Drought 223 2,269,300 2,47,000 Total 11,806,967 168,464 91,190 43,606,901 55,505,058 8,016,385 Flood 2010 1,744,471 1,984 2,946 20,184,550 10,000,000