GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May Metrology in Europe Kamal Hossain EURAMET Chairperson

Historical context of Measurement “There is to be one measure of wine and ale and corn within the realm, namely the London quarter, and one breadth of cloth, and it is to be the same with weights.” Magna Carta

Insights Lord Kelvin (1824 – 1907) "To measure is to know." "If you can not measure it, you can not improve it.“ Galileo (1564 – 1642) “We must measure what is measureable and make measureable what cannot be measured.”

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May Metrology: Science and application of measurement secure measurements and reference data do/underpin basic science drive innvovation do you get what you pay for? safely below radiation limits? do constants of nature drift with time? efficiency? quality control in production? data quality for policy making sufficient? precise enough to be competitive?

Metrological Infrastructure

The CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) was signed on 14 October, 1999 by the Directors of the National Metrology Institutes of 38 States signatories to the Metre Convention and two international organizations. The essence of the CIPM MRA is that it provides the institutional and technical framework (the “what”, “who” and “how”) for NMIs to recognize each others’ measurement standards and calibration certificates. The CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement 7

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May RMOs coordinate the collaboration between National Metrology Institutes (NMI) within a region Regional Metrology Organisations (RMO)

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May Members: 37 European NMIs 22 of them actively participating in the EMRP Associates: - 71 Designated Institutes holding national standards - JRC EURAMET e.V. bilateral cooperations since ≈ 1900 EUROMET since 1990 EURAMET e.V. since 2007 European Association of National Metrology Institutes Cyprus metrologists: NMIs: ≈5000 DIs: ≈1500 Secondary calibration lab National Metrology institute Check standards Working standards Uncertainty

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May European Union Strategy for 2020 SMART Growth Sustainable Growth Inclusive Growth

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May Our vision EURAMET 2020 Strategy To be the leader in the development and application of measurement enabling Europe to be competitive, healthy and sustainable through innovation

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May EURAMET Mission Our mission is to: Develop and disseminate an appropriate, integrated and cost effective measurement infrastructure for Europe taking into account the needs of end users in industry, business and Government Ensure that the European measurement infrastructure is internationally competitive and recognised, and is based on robust and high quality science and R&D Support members in meeting their own national requirements through collaboration and a balanced European measurement infrastructure

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May EMRP Austria Belgium Bosnia-Herzegovina Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK EC Integration Calls iMERA-Plus Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK EC Collaboration Call 2007 iMERA Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Switzerland UK EC Coordination MERA Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland UK Cooperation EMPIR Austria Belgium Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK EC Reach Out From Expanding Membership in European Research

The growing demand for better measurements Energy Science Communications Environment Healthcare Manufacturing Health & safety Transport 2% of GDP dependent on a robust measurement system

GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May National Maritime Museum Advances in Time Measurement The Longitude Act 1714: £20,000 for longitude determination to 0.5 degree Equivalent to a total accuracy of 2 mins in a 6-week journey across the Atlantic. To demonstrate this, Harrison’s clock needed to be accurate to ~ 1 part in 30,000, or3 seconds per day Today’s primary Cs microwave clock:1 second in 130 million years Optical atomic clocks (projected):1 second in 13 billion years

Recent advances in Radiotherapy: Rapid uptake of new treatment delivery methods, including Tomotherapy; CyberKnife; Flattening Filter Free (FFF); Stereotactic Ablative Body RT (SABR); Rotational Intensity Modulated RT introduce: Use of a greater number of smaller treatment fields improved shaping of dose distributions around tumour sparing healthy tissue and improving quality of life enabling dose escalation to the tumour Higher dose rates and dynamic delivery giving much reduced treatment times However, this results in: an increased need for treatment delivery verification a breakdown in traditional dosimetry assumptions

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20 Metrology for the 2020s – Our Vision Theme 4 Embedded and ubiquitous measurement Theme 3 Smart and interconnected measurement Theme 2 Measurement at the frontiers Theme 1 The new quantum SI

21 The future factory Design and manufacture will be integrated into a single engineering process, to enable “right first time” every time fabrication of bespoke products with a focus on: Smart design and on-demand manufacturing Waste and energy reduction Advanced processing and production

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GUM 95 Years Celebration, Warsaw, 20 May Happy 95th Anninversary