Kevin Manasi Cassandra Katelynd Aishwarya New Issues Part 2

Table of Contents Malcolm X The Black Panthers The Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Nation of Islam Black Power

Malcolm X Was an African American Muslim minister, and human rights activist Travelled to Harlem, New York and in 1942; he was part of various narcotic, prostitution, and gambling rackets In 1946 Malcolm was arrested, and convicted for burglary; and was sentenced to 10 years in prison, but only served 6 because he was paroled. Was very fascinated by the NOI leader, Elijah Muhammad; and soon joined this organization

Elijah Muhammad actively taught that the white-supremacist kept African Americans from “achieving any economical, political and social success” Changed his surname to X, to signify the loss of his tribal name Because of Malcolm, it increased membership in the NOI from 500 people in 1952 to 30,000 people in 1965. F.B.I opened a file on Malcolm X, they were suspicious that Malcolm was a Communist, therefore appointed spies within NOI “[Kennedy] never foresaw that the chickens would come home to roost so soon”, and therefore, he was “silenced” for 90 days by Elijah

On March 1964 Malcolm separated from the NOI but remained a Sunni Muslim During his pilgrimage Malcolm saw white people and other races helping the blacks, which changed his views about the whites Founded his own religious organization, ‘The Muslim Mosque', in 1964 Malcolm was shot 16 times by 3 gunmen in New York at the Manhattan’s Audubon Ballroom on February 21, 1965

The Black Panthers Formed by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966 under the name of, “The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense” One of the first in American history to fight for ethnic minority Fought for a revolution of real economic, social, political equality Created a Ten Point Program, which states ten major issues they would like to improve on

Three example issues: We want full employment for our people We Want Education for Our People That Exposes The True Nature of This Decadent American Society. We Want Education That Teaches Our True History and Our Role in Present Day Society. We want all black men exempt from military service

The Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Martin was a clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African- American civil rights movement His main responsibility was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States King died by an assassin’s bullet at the Lorraine Motel, in Memphis, Tennessee After the death of Martin Luther King Jr. several riots and protest occurred King was 39 when he died He was shot by James Early Ray at 6:01, April 4th 1968 His last words were to musician Ben Branch

“April 4 1968, Memphis, Tennessee: Civil rights leader Andrew Young and others stand on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel and point in the direction of the gunshots” Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassin, James Earl Ray

The riots that broke out April 5 1968, in Washington,D.C

The Nation of Islam Religious organization founded in Detroit Michigan in July 1930 It was founded by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad Teaches that Wallace is both the "Messiah" of Christianity and the Mahdi of Islam They had a goal to resurrect the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of black men and women of America Promotes the belief that God will bring a universal government of peace

Due to the different beliefs of the concept of God, most Muslims had believed that this group was a heretic sect and offshoot of Islam By observing Ramadan and Friday prayers they have come closer to orthodox Islam Starting in 1978, Louis Farrakhan has been the leader of a new Nation of Islam The new organization is called The Nation of Islam’s National Center and headquarters It is now located in Chicago Illinois

Black Power A political slogan- has many meanings and associated ideologies First coined by Stokely Carmichael of the SNCC Black Power emphasized pride in African culture Martin Luther King however disapproved of Black Power

1968 Olympic Black Power Salute One important protest was by Tommie Smith and John Carlos during the 1968 Olympics

Bibliography http://www.malcolmx.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X The American Vision: Modern Times, California Edition. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill/Glencoe, 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr  http://history1900s.about.com/cs/martinlutherking/a/mlkassass.htm  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African- American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955%E2%80%931968) http://www.helium.com/items/1178355-the-immediate-effects-of- martin-luther-king-jrs-assassination http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Olympics_Black_Power_salute