CANADIAN USER PRODUCER GROUP FOR ASPHALT LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION FROM BOTTOM TO TOP JESSICA HERNANDEZ SENIOR PAVEMENT ENGINEER THE ASSISTANCE OF PEIJIN GUO, DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, McMASTER UNIVERSITY, AND ALAIN DUCLOS, SETH ZHANG AND DOUGLAS LIU OF JEGEL IS GREATLY APPRECIATED THE NSERC SUPPORT OF THE McMASTER/JEGEL DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING TECHNOLOGY FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS IS GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGED SASKATOONNOVEMBER 2008 ADJUNCT PROFESSOR McMASTER UNIVERSITY JOHN EMERY GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LIMITED, TORONTO JEGEL PARTNERS IN QUALITY ISO 9001 LONG LIFE PAVEMENT IN POMPEII – NOTE THE WHEEL TRACK RUTTING JOHN EMERY PRESIDENT AND PRINCIPAL ENGINEER CASE STUDY APPROACH – HENAN RUXIN NEW EXPRESSWAY PROJECT DA’AN TO JILIAO, RUYANG COUNTY, HENAN PROVINCE, CHINA

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD LONG-LIFE ASPHALT PAVEMENTS NEW FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN CONCEPTS MECHANISTIC-EMPIRICAL DESIGN ADVANCES IN HMA MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS INTEGRATED CLIMATIC MODEL Max/Min Temperature Precipitation Freeze/Thaw TRAFFIC LOADINGS Commercial Vehicles MATERIAL PROPERTIES HMA Base/Subbase Subgrade ANALYSIS PAVEMENT STRUCTURE DISTRESS PREDICTION LCCA? VE? DESIGN OK // NOT OK

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD LIMIT BENDING TO < 70 µ  (MONISMITH, VON QUINTUS, NUNN, THOMPSON) LIMIT VERTICAL COMPRESSION TO < 200 µ  (MONISMITH, NUNN) RESURFACING CAN BE RECYCLED HOT-MIX ASPHALT (HMA) OR HOT IN-PLACE RECYCLED REPEATED DEFORMATION CAN LEAD TO RUTTING REPEATED BENDING CAN LEAD TO FATIGUE CONCEPT OF PERPETUAL (LONG-LIFE) FLEXIBLE (ASPHALT) PAVEMENTS 40 TO 75 mm SMA, OFC OR SUPERPAVE HMA MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRAIN SUBGRADE GRANULAR BASE AND SUBBASE MAXIMUM TENSILE STRAIN FATIGUE RESISTANT HMA (75 mm to 100 mm) HIGH MODULUS RUT RESISTANT HMA (THICKNESS FROM PAVEMENT DESIGN) ZONE OF HIGHEST COMPRESSION 100 mm to 150 mm ADAPTED FROM ASPHALT PAVEMENT ALLIANCE LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS TECHNOLOGY LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN CONCEPT SCHEMATIC OF A LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE (ASPHALT) PAVEMENT SHOWING THE RENEWABLE SMA, OFC, OR SUPERPAVE HMA/RHM SURFACE COURSE TDC RESISTANCE

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION RESILIENT MODULUS, M r SUBGRADE, SELECT SUBGRADE MATERIAL, GRANULAR SUBBASE, GRANULAR BASE M r = STRESS/RECOVERABLE STRAIN ADJUSTMENT OF SUBGRADE M r IS TYPICALLY REQUIRED FOR SEASONAL VARIATIONS FOR COHESIVE SUBGRADE MATERIALS WITH A SOAKED CBR  10 THE M r IS OFTEN ASSUMED TO BE M r  10 x CBR IN MPa (FROM SOIL MECHANICS) (AASHTO, 1993)

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD RESILIENT MODULUS, M r SUBGRADE, SELECT SUBGRADE MATERIAL, GRANULAR SUBBASE, GRANULAR BASE 1 – LOAD FRAME 2 – LOAD CELL 3 – LVDT 4 – TRIAXIAL CELL 5 – SPLIT MOULD 6 – COMPACTION DEVICE

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD RESILIENT MODULUS, M r SUBGRADE, SELECT SUBGRADE MATERIAL, GRANULAR SUBBASE, GRANULAR BASE FOR MOST GRANULAR BASE/SUBBASE MATERIALS, THE BULK STRESS IS THE PRIME FACTOR AFFECTING M r THE DEVIATORIC STRESS MAY CAUSE A INCREASE OR A DECRASE OF M r DEPENDING ON MATERIAL PROPERTIES AN INCREASE IN MOISTURE CONTENT TENDS TO DECREASE M r FOR GRANULAR MATERIALS, SMALL VARIATIONS IN MOISTURE CONTENT ABOUT THE OPTIMUM DURING COMPACTION DO NOT HAVE A PROFOUND INFLUENCE ON M r M r VARIES WITH PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS PARTICLE SHAPE, PARTICLE ROUGHNESS, GRADATION, AND FINES CONTENT THE USE OF A LINEAR REGRESSION BETWEEN RESILIENT MODULUS AND PRESSURE PROVIDES A REASONABLE APPROXIMATION FOR DESIGN PURPOSES.

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD εtεt εtεt CLAYEY SUBGRADE (PI = 25%) SANDY SUBGRADE VALUES DETERMINED AT 200 CYCLES AT EACH Δ   a NOTES: 1.  C = CONSTANT 2. RELATIVE VERTICAL POSITION OF CURVES STRONGLY DEPENDS ON MOISTURE CONTENT OF SUBGRADES. RESILIENT STRAIN, ε r (%) RESILIENT MODULUS, M R TYPICAL VARIATIONS IN RESILIENT MODULUS WITH RESILIENT STRAIN FOR A DRY SANDY SUBGRADE AND A MEDIUM-PLASTICITY CLAYEY SUBGRADE AGGREGATE VIEWS, FALL 1994

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD SUMMARY OF RU RIVER SAND RESILIENT MODULUS TESTING SELECT SUBGRADE MATERIAL SUMMARY OF YUNMENG HILL AGGREGATES M r TESTING GRANULAR BASE/SUBBASE

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD CBR TEST RESULTS OF PROJECT GRANULAR MATERIALS GRANULAR MATERIALUNSOAKEDSOAKEDNOTES LM NO TUNNEL ROCK LM NO TUNNEL ROCK LM 3T99- BLENDING WITH CRUSHED TUNNEL ROCK LM NO TUNNEL ROCK LM 4T124115BLENDING WITH CRUSHED TUNNEL ROCK Tunnel Material Tunnel Material, Adjusted A 800

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD HIGH QUALITY 37 mm HMA AGGREGATE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES ARE IMPORTANT TO SUPERPAVE CONSENSUS AGGREGATE PROPERTIES COARSE AGGREGATE ANGULARITY FINE AGGREGATE ANGULARITY FLAT OR ELONGATED PARTICLES CLAY CONTENT

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER (DSR) ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER (RV) ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (RTFO) PRESSURE AGING VESSEL (PAV) BENDING BEAM RHEOMETER (BBR) DIRECT TENSION TESTER (DTT) PGAB SELECTION IS IMPORTANT TO SUPERPAVE JEGEL CONVENTIONAL (LEFT) AND SBS MODIFIED (RIGHT) ASPHALT BINDERS

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD CHARACTERIZATION OF HOT-MIX ASPHALT AND PERFORMANCE TESTING OF HOT-MIX ASPHALT ASPHALT PAVEMENT ANALYZER AND NOTTINGHAM ASPHALT TESTER APA DESIGN LABORATORY PROOF TESTER ASPHALT PLANT PLACEMENT LINK BETWEEN LABORATORY TESTING AND FIELD PERFORMANCE NAT RESILIENT MODULUS PERMANENT DEFORMATION FATIGUE JEGEL

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD PLOTS OF DEFORMATION WITH NUMBER OF CYCLES IN THE ASPHALT PAVEMENT ANALYZER (SAMPLES AT 7% AIR VOIDS)

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD RESILIENT MODULUS OF ASPHALT CONCRETES TESTED IN THE NOTTINGHAM ASPHALT TESTER (NAT)

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD FATIGUE ENDURANCE TESTING IN THE NOTTINGHAM ASPHALT TESTER (NAT)

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD ASPHALT CONCRETE RESILIENT MODULUS WITH DEPTH WITH HYDRATED LIME TREATMENT OF SURFACE LayerSeason < 25ºC25º C to 35ºC35º C to 40ºC40º C to 45ºC> 45ºC Depth MPapsiMPapsiMPapsiMPapsiMPapsi AC-13/SP12.5 SBS1-D 2 cm9,1901,332,8964,260617,8612,440353,8921,740252,3661,530221,908 AC-20/SP19 SBS1-D 7 cm9,3401,354,6527,2801,055,8743,910567,0973,310480,0752,690390,151 AC-25/SP25 70A 15 cm12,0401,746,2549,5301,382,2093,980577,2502,490361,1442,090303,129 AC-25/SP25 70A 25 cm10,6301,541,75110,6301,541,7514,450645,4182,800406,1062,090303,129

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD HENAN RUXIN NEW EXPRESSWAY PROJECT JEGEL 2007 NOTE – A HYDRATED LIME SURFACE TREATMENT IS MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN PROPERLY APPLIED TO AN ASPHALT CONCRETE SURFACE INCORPORATING POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT BINDER AND WITH GOOD MACROTEXTURE. USE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IS SUBJECT TO A FULL TECHNICAL EVALUATION FOR SPECIFIC PROJECT APPLICABILITY. RECOMMENDED LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE (ASPHALT) PAVEMENT STRUCTURES

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD Structural Layers Upper HMA Course Middle HMA Course Lower HMA Course BaseSubbase Select Subgrade Materials GOOD≤ 20≤ 24≤ 28≤ 72≤ 83≤ 126 FAIR POOR≥ 23≥ 27≥ 32≥ 80≥ 92≥ 140 Design Deflection with Standard Loading (0.01mm) Chinese Equation: 28.4 Asphalt Institute Figure: 28.0 Design Deflection with Overloading (0.01mm) Chinese Equation: 20.5 Asphalt Institute Figure: 20.0 RECOMMENDED DEFLECTION LEVELS (0.01 mm) BASED ON FWD TESTING FOR PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION QUALITY CONTROL MONITORING EMBANKMENT CUT AND FILL SECTIONS 1.THE FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER (FWD) WITH 50 kN LOADING IS USED TO CHECK THE DEFLECTION ON TOP OF EACH STRUCTURAL LAYER. 2.DEFLECITON DATA OBTAINED BY BENKELMAN BEAN CAN BE CONVERTED INTO THE FWD DEFLECTION DATA USING THE FOLLOWING EQUATION: FWD DEFLECTION = BENKELMAN DEFLECTION/ THESE ARE VERY STRICT ACCEPTANCE LEVELS. ACCEPTABLE NOT ACCEPTABLE

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD OVERVIEW OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION AND QUALITY MONITORING

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD

CUPGANOVEMBER 2008LONG-LIFE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY AND FIELD