P14421:Smart PV Panel Team Leader: Bobby Jones Sean Kitko Alicia Oswald Danielle Howe Chris Torbitt

AGENDA Background Problem Statement Customer Needs Engineering Requirements System Analysis Concept & Architecture Development Engineering Analysis Risk Assessment Test Plan

BACKGROUND

Advance Power Systems ◦Jasper Ball ◦Atlanta, GA Snow reduces power output of PV panels Develop method to prevent snow from accumulating in the first place ◦Apply current to conductive, heating ink ◦Keep temperature of panel surface above freezing ◦Sense presence of snow PROJECT BACKGROUND

Current State ◦Current snow removal techniques make use of manual labor or mechanical systems that can freeze up when needed. Desired State ◦A robust, automated snow removal system that can be used for large and small scale PV applications. Goals ◦Prevents snow accumulation ◦Easily incorporated into current manufacturing process ◦Used on single panels ◦Energy efficient PROBLEM STATEMENT

RE-FOCUSED SCOPE Primarily Focused on: ◦Heating Element Layout ◦Power Electronics ◦Control Electronics ◦Sensing Method and Evaluation Secondary Focus: ◦Sensor Integration ◦Manufacturing Integration

Working prototype with ink, control and heating systems Possible sensing methods Test proof of capabilities User and assembly manual Design drawings BOM Edge documentation MSD poster Technical paper PROJECT DELIVERABLES

Needs List

Engineering Requirements

Engineering vs. Customer Req.

BENCHMARKING ThermaPAVER ◦Heat transfer solution ◦Uses pump to push heated water through tubing in pavement ◦PV collector to power pump Warmzone ◦Electric Radiant Heating  Radiant heating cables installed under pavement ◦Hydronic System  Combination of hot water and antifreeze circulates through tubing in pavement Both use an aerial snow sensor that detects temperature and precipitation

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

CONCEPT & ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT

ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

Possible Concepts OptionsSensor(s)Initiate HeatingSupply Power ASonic, ThermometerControl SystemPowered by panel output BCapacitanceSensor SignalBattery COptical, ThemocouplesSwitchGrid DHeat VisionClapperHamsters EHumidity Sensor, Thermometer, OpticalCellphone AppGeothermal battery FLaser, MoistureOn/Off SwitchWind turbine GConductivity, ThermocouplesControl SignalBattery HTemperature, Optical, MoistureControl SignalBattery, Charged by panel Manual Removal

ARCHITECTURE

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

RISK ASSESSMENT

RISK ASSESSMENT CON’T

TEST PLAN OUTLINE Test Ink ◦Verify heat dispersion, and ink durability Test Control System ◦Verify appropriate output signal and system response Test Battery ◦Verify battery life/performance and response to cold Test Power/Charging Electronics ◦Verify power output and charging capabilities Test Sensors ◦Test different sensing options System Integration Test ◦Verify all subsystems operate together

SCHEDULE

Questions?

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